• Boiling Point of Water (Saturation Temperature) =

100 degree celcius (at 1 atm Pressure)

• Lets us assume water at room temperature at 1
atm pressure is heated at constant pressure
• 20 degree (1 kg water)
• 100 degree (1 kg water)
• 100 degree (0.5 kg water, 0.5 kg vapour)
• 100 degree (1 kg vapour)
• 120 degree (1 kg vapour)
• If the saturation temperature of water is 100
degree for the given pressure,
• If T< 100, compressed liquid state
• If T> 100, then superheated state
• If T = 100, then either saturated liquid, or two phase or
saturated vapour
• When, T = T saturation, then quality is needed
• Quality = mass of vapour present/total mass
• At saturated liquid, quality = 0
• At saturate vapour, quality = 1
• For P = 400 kPa, Tsat = 143.64 degree celcius
• Then if at the 400 kPa
• T = 100 degree (Compressed liquid)
• T = 150 degree (Superheated vapour)
• T = 143.64 degree (2 phase region, quality is required)
• For P = 400 kPa, Tsat = 143.64 degree celcius
• Then if at the 143.65 degree celcius
• P = 100 kPa (Superheated Vapour)
• P = 500 kPa (Compressed Liquid)
• P = 400 kPa (2 phase region, quality is required)
Quality
• v = vl + x * (vg –vl)
• h = hl + x hlg
• s = sl + x slg

• Where,
• v = specific volume
• vl = specific volume of saturate liquid
• vg = specific volume of saturated vapour
• x = quality
• vlg = vg – vl
• Similarly,
• h = enthalpy
• S = entropy
• A ideal rankine cycle operates between pressure of 400 kPa and 4 MPa. The boiler converts the water in to steam at
400 degree. Determine the efficiency of the plant.
• Given,
• State 1 always lies in saturated region
• h1 = hl @ P1 = 604.91 kJ/kg
• h3 = 3213.4 kJ/kg
• h2 – h1 = v1 (P2 – P1)
• h2 = 608.8124 kJ/kg
• v1 = 0.001084 m3/kg
• Process 3 to 4 is isentropic process (Entropy constant)
• s3 = s4 = 6.7688 kJ/kg K
• s4 = sl + x4 slg (@ P4) (sl = 1.777 kJ/kg K, slg = 5.1191 kJ/kg K)
• X4 = 0.97513
• h4 = hl + x4 hlg (@ P4) (hl = 604.91 kJ/kg, hlg = 2133.6 kJ/kg)
• h4 = 2685.447 kJ/kg
• Wp = (608.8124 – 604.91) kJ/kg
• Wt = (3213.4 – 2685.447) kJ/kg
• Qin = (3213.4 – 608.8124) kJ/kg
• Efficiency = (Wt – Wp)/Qin = 20.12 %