Chap 3

Property Tables
• For each substance, thermodynamic properties are
presented in Property Tables. A separate table is
prepared for each region of interest such as
superheated vapor, compressed liquid and saturated
(mixture) regions.
• vf = specific volume of saturated liquid
• vg = specific volume of saturated vapor
• vfg = difference between vg and vf

2
3
 Practice Problem 1
• A rigid tank contains 50 kg of Saturated Liquid water
at 90 deg C. Determine the pressure in the tank and
the volume of the tank.

4
5
 Practice Problem 1
• Pressure and volume of tank are
to be determined.
• P = Psat @ 90 deg C is to be acquired
from table A-4 which is for saturated
water. Therefore,
• P = Psat @ 90 deg C = 70.183 kPa
• Similarly, specific volume of the
saturated liquid at 90 deg C
• v = vf @ 90 deg C = 0.001036 m3/ kg

• Now, in order to get volume of

tank,
• V = mvf = (50)(0.001036) = 0.0518 6
m3
 Practice Problem 2
A piston–cylinder device contains 0.06 m3 of
saturated water vapor at 350 kPa pressure.
Determine the temperature and the mass of the vapor
inside the cylinder.

Answer:

T = Tsat @ 350 kPa 138.86°C

mass = 0.114 kg)

7
 Practice Problem 3
A mass of 200 g of saturated liquid water is
completely vaporized at a constant pressure of 100
kPa. Determine (a) the volume change and (b) the
amount of energy transferred to the water

The amount of energy needed to vaporize

a unit mass of a substance at given
pressure is the enthalpy of vaporization
at that pressure

8
vfg = vg - vf = 1.6941 - 0.001043 = 1.6931 m3/kg
Thus,
ࢤV = mvfg = (0.2 kg)(1.6931 m3/kg) = 0.3386 m3
mhfg = (0.2 kg)(2257.5 kJ/kg) = 451.5 kJ 9
 Quality of Wet Region
• During a vaporization process a substance exists as
liquid and vapor. Hence it is a mixture of saturated
liquid and saturated vapor.

10
 Quality of Wet Region
• To analyze this mixture properly we need to know
the proportions of liquid and vapor phases in the
mixture.
• This is done by defining a new property called
Quality (x)

x= m vapor
M total

• Quality is the ratio of mass of vapor to the total

mass of the mixture

11
 Quality of Wet Region
• where,
M total = mass liquid + m vapor
= mf + mg

• Point f shows liquid in mixture

• Point g shows vapor in the mixture

• Quality has significance for saturated mixtures only. It

has no meaning in the compressed liquid or
superheated vapor regions.

• The limiting value is 0 for saturated liquid alone and 1

or 100% for saturated vapor alone. 12
 Quality of Wet Region
• Consider a tank that contains a saturated liquid
vapor mixture. The volume occupied by saturated
liquid is Vf and volume occupied by saturated vapor is
Vg. Total volume V is the sum of the two :
V = Vf + Vg
V = mv Therefore,
mtv = mfvf +mgvg
As mf = mt – mg
mtv = (mt – mg)vf +mgvg
Dividing by mt yields
v = (1-x) vf + xvg 13
 Quality of Wet Region
• Since x =mg/mt
This relation can also be expressed as
v = vf + xvfg (Equation a)
Where vfg = vg – vf Solving for quality, we obtain,

v – vf
x = ______
vfg
Just like equation a for v
u = uf + xufg
h = hf + xhfg or y = yf + xyfg
14
Practice Problem 1 (Saturated Mixture)
A rigid tank contains 10 kg of water at 90°C. If 8
kg of the water is in the liquid form and the rest is
in the vapor form, determine (a) the pressure in
the tank and (b) the volume of the tank.

15
Practice Problem 1 (Saturated Mixture)
From Table A-4,

P= Psat@90deg C = 70.183kPa

Now from Table A-4, at 90 deg C, we have vf =

0.001036 m3/kg and vg = 2.3593 m3/kg.
One way of finding the volume of the tank is to
determine the volume occupied by each phase
and then add them :

V = Vf + Vg = mfvf + mgvg
= 8 kg (0.001036 m3/kg) + 2(2.3593 m3 / kg)
16
= 4.73 m3
Practice Problem 1 (Saturated Mixture)
Another way is to first determine the quality x,
then the average specific volume v and finally the
total volume:
x= mg = 2 kg = 0.2
mt 10 kg

v = vf + xvfg
= 0.001036 m3 /kg + (0.2)[(2.3593-0.001036)
m3 / kg]
= 0.473 m3/kg
and V = mv = 10 kg (0.473 m3 /kg) = 4.73 m3
17
Practice Problem 1 (Saturated Mixture)
The first method appears to be easier in this case
since the masses of each phase are given. In
most cases, however, the masses of each phase
are not available and the second method
becomes more convenient.

18
 Practice Problem 2

• A 0.080 m3 vessel contains 4 kg of

refrigerant-134a at a pressure of 160 kPa.
Determine (a) the temperature (b) the
quality (c) the enthalpy of the refrigeration,
and (d) the volume occupied by the vapor
phase.

19
20