TEXTILE INTERNSH

IP
THE RAJLAKSHMI COTTON MILLS PVT. LTD.

ROHAN PATNAIK (BFT/19/N936)

ANEESHA PANDA (BFT/19/293)

MANOGNYA MISHRA (BFT/19/585)

SHREYA SHEKHAR (BFT/19/277)

SONAM PRIYADARSHINEE PANDA(BFT/19/289)

 Textile internship as a module in the course of apparel
production emphasises on the learning of the
processes in the textile industry.

The internship revolves around observing the

functioning and processing at a textile manufacturing
unit.
INTRODUCTION It also greatly focuses on the learning of the process
parameters, working conditions, process flow and
other important criteria in the manufacturing process.

We were to understand the step-wise breakdown of

all the processes, how they are carried and what are
the start and end- products at each of these steps.
 The Rajlakshmi Cotton Mills Pvt. Ltd. (RCM) is
one of the largest manufacturers & exporters of
sustainable readymade garments, bed & bath
products and accessories in India.

COMPAN RCM facilities are based in the cities of Kolkata,

Noida and Greater Noida and have an annual
Y turnover of over 40 million US dollars.

PROFILE RCM produces and exports organic & Fairtrade

textile products all over the world including the
United States, Europe, Japan, New Zealand,
Australia, Netherland and other countries
ABOUT
BRAND
• Started in 1934 as a family business and run by
three generations.
• Today, all of RCM's production and exports are
focused around sustainability.
• RCM now uses only organic cotton, recycled and
sustainable raw materials in its production
process.
• All its production facilities are certified as per
international sustainable textile and fair-trade
standards.
 Social Accountability System - SA 8000: 2008.

Fairtrade USA Certified Factory. 

ICS certified Factory - Initiative Clause Social: Initiative for Compliance &
Sustainability.

GLOBALLY GOTS Global Organic Textile Standard.

ACCREDITED Fairtrade International - FLO-FTUSA certifications.

CERTIFICATIO GRS- Global Recycle Standard certification.

NS OCS- Organic content Standard certification.

Quality Managements System: ISO 9001: 2015 (under process)

Environmental Management system: ISO-14001: 2015 (under process).

COMPANY STANDARDS
• RCM has uncompromisingly high quality environmental, ethical and sustainable
textile standards.
• All factories are certified for sustainable production by GOTS.
• All factories are certified as per Fairtrade International, FTUSA
• and SA8000 standards. ORCM minimize the use of Fossil Fuels in their factories
and their products are completely free from pesticides and formaldehyde
• RCM recycle all their waste.
KNITTING
DEPARTME
NT
Knitting
• Knitting is the most common method of inter-looping and is
second only to weaving as a method of manufacturing
textile products.

• It is estimated that over 7 million tons of knitted goods are

produced annually throughout the world.
Process
Flow Chart Yarn in
package form
Place the
package yarn
Feeding the

of Knitting spinning in the yarn

yarn by creel

Set the Withdraw the

machine as per Knitting roll fabric and
design & GSM weighing

Roll marking Inspection Numbering

Raw Material- Yarn
• Knitting requires a relatively fine, smooth, strong
yarn with good elastic recovery properties.

• The introduction of synthetic fiber has led to the

development of texturing processes that directly
convert these filaments into bulked yarns.
Primary knitting elements
• Needle: Latch needle, Spring bearded needle & Compound needle.

• Cam: Missed cam, Tuck Cam, Knit Cam

• Sinker: Holding down sinker, Knocking over and loop forming sinker
Machine gauge
• It is the number of needles in an inch which has a great influence in fabric
structure.

• For a given machine diameter or width, finer gauge machines tend to knit a
wider fabric because more wales are involved.

• With more and finer needles there is a higher machine cost and a greater
potential for needle damage to occur.
 • Inspection is done after the knitting process
and is done manually with the help of a light
table.
• After completion of production, each item is
Inspection rigorously inspected on a table to locate any
remaining defect.
• Item without defect is passed while defectives
are rejected.
• Defectives are however, repaired if possible.
MACHINES USED IN KNITTING

Brand : Mayer & cie

Model : MV4-3.2 II
Brand : Mayer & cie Fabric Inspection Machine
Model:543.211 Brand: Ram Dukes

Computerised Automatic Collar

Knitting Machine
Brand : Pilotelli Brand : Matsuya
Model : JVCE-4 / J 3.0-4 Model : M-203SJT
 If a knot is noticed or yarn breaks
because of the increase in tension,
sensors will automatically stop the
machine.

These are creels for the yarn, so that

they don't tangle.
DYEING
DEPARTMENT
• Dyeing is the process of adding color
to textile products like fibres, yarns,
and fabrics.
• It is normally done in a special solution
containing dyes and particular
chemical material.
• After dyeing, dye molecules have uncut
Chemical bond with fibre molecules.
• The temperature and time controlling
are two key factors in dyeing.
• There are mainly two classes of dye,
natural and man-made.
 • Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes,
• Nylon and protein fibres such as wool and silk
Compatibilit are dyed with acid dyes,

y of Dyes • Polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes.

• Cotton is dyed with a range of dye types,
with Fibers including vat dyes, and modern synthetic
reactive and direct dyes.
Sequence of
operation for knit
fabric dyeing in
Rajlaxmi cotton
mills private
limited
 MACHINES USED IN DYEING
DEPARTMENT

Fongs HT Dyeing Machine Alkan Dyeing Machine

AH CHO1 Dyeing Machine
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
Textile Finishing
• Textile finishing is the term used for a series of processes to which all bleached,
dyed, printed and certain grey fabrics are subjected before they are put on the
market.
• Finishing includes the final treatment of every kind of fabric made from every
kind of fiber.
• After dyeing of knit fabric its required to finish.
• During dyeing all knit fabrics are dyed in tubular form. According to buyers
requirement nit fabrics are finished in open form or tubular.
Flow Chart
of Finishing
(Tube
Fabric)
Different types of finishing at
Rajlakshmi cotton mills
private limited

1. Chemical finishing
• Chemical reaction of auxiliaries with fibres
• Application of the handle modifying
products/additives

2. Mechanical Finishing
• Mechanical treatment with machines
Objectives

Improving the feel, which

Improving the depends on the handle of Wearing qualities, non-
appearance - Luster, the mater GMS and its soiling, anti-crease, anti-
whiteness, etc softness, suppleness, shrink, comfort, etc.
fullness etc.

GMS properties required

for particular uses - Covering of the faults in Increasing the weight of
water-proofing, flame the original cloth. the cloth.
-proofing, etc.
 MACHINES USED IN FINISHING
DEPARTMENT

Corino squeezer Tensionless dryer Tube Compacter

PRINTING DEPARTMENT
SCREEN
PRINTING
• Screen printing is a printing
technique where a mesh is used to
transfer ink onto a substrate,
except in areas made impermeable
to the ink by a blocking stencil.
• It has a wide range of applications
and is a very easy and efficient
process.
PRINTING MESH AND IT’S TYPES
• A mesh is a material made of a network of wire or thread.
• The lower the mesh count, the larger the holes in the mesh become.
• Lower mesh counts are used for thick inks and artwork with low detail.
• Comparatively, high mesh counts are used for designs with high detail that need thinner inks.

TYPES
• 40-60 Mesh Count
• 60-86 Mesh Count
• 110 Mesh Count
• 150-160 Mesh Count
• 200 Mesh Count
• 220-240 Mesh Count 
• 305 and Higher Mesh Count
DEGREASING
• All screens should be degreased prior to coating with emulsion or film.
• Nylon bristle brushes should be used to brush the degreaser onto the mesh. This adds a
mechanical action that aids cleaning.
• Brushes are gentler on the mesh than scouring pads and easier to keep clean than rags.
• Degreasing the mesh ensures a proper bond between emulsion and the mesh for the
next screen coating job.
EMULSION
• Screen printing emulsion is the light-sensitive liquid or
capillary-direct films that we coat or adhere to the
degreased screen fabric prior to taping our film
positives in place.
• Dirasol 25 is a diazo photo stencil emulsion that is
compatible with water-based or plastisol inks. It is
specially formulated for printers of T-shirts, sports and
fashion wear, using water-based or plastisol inks.
• Since all liquid emulsion and emulsion sheets are light-
sensitive, application should be done in a darkroom or
under ultra-violet safe lights.
 • Screen Making with Film Positives: To create
film positives for screen printing, the
rasterized image is sent from the computer to
SCREEN a laser or inkjet printer and printed onto clear
transparency films.
PREPARATI • Wax: The heated wax inkjet technology is a
ON popular method for printing a high-density
image directly onto an emulsion-coated
screen.
 • The overlay is placed over the screen, and
STENCILIN then exposed with a light source containing
ultraviolet light in the 350-420 nanometer
G spectrum.
• The screen is washed off thoroughly. The areas
TECHNIQU of emulsion that were not exposed to light
dissolve and wash away, leaving a negative
ES stencil of the image on the mesh.
TYPES OF PRINTING PASTES

Khadi print Pigment print

 • “Khadi” is a thick white colored paste used to
print light shades on darkened fabrics.
KHADI • Khadi print is a technique majorly applied on
PASTE fabrics to be used for royal weddings and
similar grand occasions.
 • A pigment is a substance used for coloring or
painting. Pigment printing is a process of
smearing color to products like textile, wood,
leather, etc using pigments.
PIGMENT • Pigment printing is a mode of surface
PASTE varnishing. Since pigments are insoluble and
impenetrable in nature, they do not pierce
into the yarns but can be mutated to various
hues.
 Discharge inks
TYPES OF Expanding ink (puff)
PRINTING
INKS Plastisol
Water-based inks
PLASTISOL VS WATER-BASED INKS
CURING

Curing is the actual chemical process by which the ink dries and bonds to
the shirt fabric.

When the fabric is printed, it is important to cure the ink otherwise when
the fabric goes through the wash, we will notice that it fades, cracks and
in some circumstances disappears altogether.

There are some inks that are air dry but popular inks such as plastisol and
water-based inks need to be cured.
MACHINES USED IN MANUAL SCREEN
PRINTING

FUSING MACHINE GAS CURING MACHINE UV AUTO-EXPOSE MACHINE

TUNNEL DRYERS HAIR DRYERS HEAT GUNS

AUTOMATIC SCREEN PRINTING
MACHINE (NON-OPERATIONAL)
EMBROIDE
RY
DEPARTME
NT
Embroidery process SOP
DESIGN/TECH PACK RECEIVING FROM
MERCHANT
• The planning department makes a plan
weekly/ monthly basis which style to do
after which style. A planning sheet also
includes a work deadline for Embroidery.
• The Embroidery section receives the design
or tech pack from the merchandiser. The
cutting section sends that specific parts of
cut panels to Embroidery department for
Embroidery operation.
• The threads used for embroidery in the
embroidery department are Lurex metallic
thread & Polyester thread.
ART WORK
PUNCHING
• Digitizing is the most important part of
creating high quality custom
embroidery.
• Embroidery digitizing or coding
originally refers to as “Punching”, is
the art of creating embroidery stitches
from text or printed graphic art.
Digitizing allows a logo to be stitched
on a Tajima embroidery machine.
 TAJIMA EMBROIDERY MACHINE

4 Head Embroidery Machine

12 Head Embroidery Machine

 Machine details

Heads: 12 Heads Needles: 9 Needles

Voltage: 3 Phases 380V 50/60Hz Model: STKN-921

The Digitally Controlled Presser Foot for secure fabric stability

 SAMPLE MAKING & APPROVAL
After the making of the sample it is checked and
approved by the merchandiser. If there is some issue
then it is rectified.

EMBROIDERY QUALITY CHECK

• After adjusting the machine in the embroidery
section, the supervisor will check some samples to
ensure that the machine is set up correctly.
• If they find one or more defects out of the pieces
they inspect then the entire bundle will be rejected. If
they find no defects in the bundle then the bundle
will be released for the next process.

SEND EMBROIDERY FOR SEWING

After completing embroidery the embroidered parts
send for sewing.
CONCLUSION
• This module is set to bring close the production, the quality and the auditing aspects of textile industry
from ground to high level. It not only helps in making the quality aspects more prominent but also
increases the efficiency of the outcome.

• Our internship at RCM Pvt Ltd. Over the period of two weeks has been a highly enriching experience.
We received a practical acumen of operations of various departments.

• This has led us to believe that studying a subject and implementing it in a scenario are two completely
different tasks. As a part of the internship, we visited various departments and got to interact with
workers, operators and supervisors.

• In pursuit of our project work, we learnt that soft skills play a major role in receiving information and
having one’s work done. It was very informative and a great learning process.
 https://www.rcm-organic.com/
www.scribd.com
www.indiamart.com

BIBLIOGRAP www.fibretofashion.com

HY www.ankitaprinters.com
www.textileblogspot.com
www.mayer&cie.com