7

Ready Notes

Basic Elements of
Planning and
Decision Making
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 Organizational Goals

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 Organizations Have a Purpose—
That Is Why They Need Goals

Identification Integration

Organizational
purpose for
goals

Adaptation Collaboration Revitalization

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 Kinds of Goals

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 Other Goals

• Area: organizations
also set goals for
different areas.
• Time frame:
organizations also
set goals across
different time
frames.

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 Who sets goals?
– All managers should
be involved in the goal
setting process.
– Each manager has
responsibilities for
setting goals that
correspond to their
level.

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 • When setting goals
organizations sometimes
experience conflicts or
contradictions among
goals.
• Conflicts are addressed
through the use of the
Optimizing concept:
– Optimizing: balancing and
reconciling possible conflicts
among goals.

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 What
Whatis
isto
tobe
be
accomplished?
accomplished?

The planning
function
consists of:

How is
How isitit to
to be
be
accomplished?
accomplished?

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 Objectives Actions

Planning
has 4
elements:

Resources Implementation

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 Why Is Planning Important?

What
has to
be done

A task can not be

accomplished if the
manager is not
aware of:

How is When is
it to be it to be
done done

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 Organizational Planning

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 Tactical Plans

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 More Types of Plans

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 Responsibilities for Planning

• Planning staff: some large organizations

develop a professional planning staff.
• Planning task force: often comprised of
line managers with special interest in
the relevant area of planning.
• Board of directors: establish the
corporate mission and strategy, and in
some companies take part in the
planning process.
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 Contingency Planning

• The determination of
alternative courses
of action to be taken
if an intended plan
of action is
unexpectedly
disrupted or
rendered
inappropriate.

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 Crisis Management

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 Tactical Planning

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 Development: Execution:
– Recognize and understand – Evaluate each course of
overarching strategic plans action in light of its goals.
and tactical goals. – Obtain and distribute
– Specify relevant resource information and resources.
and time issues. – Monitor horizontal and
– Identify and articulate vertical communication and
human resource integration of activities.
commitments. – Monitor ongoing activities
for goal achievement.

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 Standing Plan

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 Major Barriers Overcoming Barriers
– Inappropriate goals. – Understanding the
– Improper reward purposes of goals and
system. planning.
– Dynamic and complex – Communication and
environment. participation.
– Reluctance to – Consistency, revision,
establish goals. and updating.
– Resistance to change. – Effective reward
– Constraints. system.

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