NAME - JYOTI

MBA IST YEAR

IT ASSIGNMENT 3

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PLANNING:

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 MEANING OF PLANNING
 Planning can be defined as “ thinking in
advance what is to be done, when it
is to be done, how it is to be done
and by whom it should be done .”

 In simple words we can say, planning bridges

the gap between where we are standing
today and where we want to reach.

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DEFINITION
 “Planning is deciding in advance what to do ,
how to do and who is to do it. Planning
bridges the gap from where we are to where
we want to go. It make it possible for things
to happen.”
Koontz and Odennell

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

• Planning contributes to objectives .

• Planning is primary function of management.
• Pervasive.
• Planning is forward looking.
• Planning is continuous.
• Planning involves decision making.
• Planning is a mental exercise.

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IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 Planning provides direction.
 Planning reduces the risk of uncertainties.
 Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful
activities.
 Planning facilitates decision making.
 Planning establish standard for controlling.
 Focuses attention on objectives of the
company.

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INTERNAL LIMITATIONS OF
PLANNING :
 Lead to rigidity.
 Planning may not work in dynamic
environment.
 It reduces creativity.
 Planning involves huge cost.
 It is time consuming process.
 Lack of accuracy.
 Planning does not give guarantee success.

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EXTERNAL LIMITATION OF
PLANNNIG
o Natural calamities.
o Change in competitor’s policies.
o Labour Union.
o Change in government/economic policies.
o Change in technologies.
o Change in taste/fashion and trend in a
market.

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PLANNING PROCESS
• 1. Setting
up of the
Objectives

4.
5. Selecting
Evaluation
an
of different
alternative
alternatives

6.
7. Follow up Implement
• 3. Listing the the plan
various • 2. Developing
alternatives for
achieving the Premises
objectives
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 Setting-up of the objectives:-
In planning function manager begins with
setting up of objectives because all the
policies , procedures and methods are
framed for achieving objectives only.
Managers prefer to set up goals which can be
achieve quickly and specific limit of time
after setting up of the goals, the clearly
defined goals are communicate to all the
employees.

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 Developing Premises:-
Premises refers to making assumptions
regarding future. The assumptions are made
on the basis of forecasting. Forecast is the
technique of gathering information. Common
forecast are made to find out the demand for
a product, change in government or
competitor policies, tax rate, etc.

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 Listing the various
alternatives for achieving the
objectives:-
After setting up of objectives the manager
makes a list of alternatives through which
the organisation can achieve its objective as
there can be many ways to achieve the
objective an managers must know all the
ways to reach the objective.

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 Evaluation of different
alternatives:-
After making list of various alternatives a
long with the assumptions supporting them,
the managers start evaluating each and
every alternatives and notes down the
positive and negative aspects of every
alternatives.

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 Selecting an alternative:-
The best alternative is selected but as such
there is no mathematically formula to select
the best alternatives. After preparing the
main plan, the organisation has to make
number of small plans to support the main
plans. These plans are releated to
perfomance of routine job in the
organisation.

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 Implement the plan:-
The managers prepare or draft the main an
supportive plans on papers but there is no
use of these plans unless and until these are
put in action. For implementing the plans or
putting the plans into action the managers
start communicating the plans to all the
employees very clearly because the
employee actually have to carry on the
activites according to the specifications of
plans.

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 Follow Up:-
The manager monitor the plan carefully
while it is implemented the monitoring of
plan is very important because it helps to
verify whether the conditions and predictions
assumed in plan are holding true in present
situations or not. If these are not coming
true then immediately changes are made in
the plan. During follow up many adjustments
are made in the plan.

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THANK
YOU! 

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