TOPIC

ALKANES
 ALKANES
DEFINATION OF ALKANES

 Alkanes are organic compounds that

consist of single bonded carbon and
hydrogen atoms. The formula for Alkanes
is CnH2n+2, subdivided into three groups
– chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, and the
branched alkanes.
INTRODUCTIO
N
ABOUT THE ALKANES

 Organic compounds and hydrocarbons-

the compounds containing only carbon
and hydrogen.
 Hydrocarbons are divided into different
classes.
 WHAT ARE
ALKANES
 Alkanes are comprised of a series of compounds that
contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent
bonds. This group of compounds consists of carbon and
hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. Also,
comprises a homologous series having a molecular formula
of CnH2n+2.
 The simplest family of compounds are called alkanes. They
contain only carbon and hydrogen. Each carbon atom
forms four bonds and each hydrogen atom forms one bond.
Chemists use line-angle formulas because they are easier
and faster to draw than condensed structural formulas.
Structural formulas for alkanes can be written in yet
another condensed form.
NOMENCLATURE
Names of Alkanes
HYDROCARBO
N
 In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic
compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Hydrocarbons are examples of group of 14 hydroids.
Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic with
only weak odours. Because of their diverse molecular structures, it
is difficult to generalize further. Most anthropogenic emissions of
hydrocarbons are from the burning of fossil fuels including fuel
production and combustion. Natural sources of hydrocarbons
such as ethylene, isoprene, and monoterpenes come from the
emissions of vegetation.[
 Structure of Hydrocarbon:-
 METHANE
 Structure of Methane:

 Hydrocarbon family.

 First member of the alkane family is methane.

 These hydrocarbon has be assigned to the same family as methane

on the basis of their structure, and on the whole their properties
follow the pattern laid down by the methane.
 ETHANE
NEXT TO METHANE SECOND MEMBER OF ALKANE FAMILY

 Structure of ethane:

 The carbon- hydrogen bonds result overlap of these Sp2 orbitals

with the S orbitals of the hydrogens. The carbon-carbon bond
arises from overlap of two Sp2 orbitals.

 Each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms, its bonding

orbitals (Sp2 orbitals) are directed toward the corners of the
tetrahedron.