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Name: Roll Number: Subject:Electrical Network Analysis Teacher
Name: Roll Number: Subject:Electrical Network Analysis Teacher
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FIG.1.1
R versus f for the range of interest
Practical resistor
If we talk about practical resistor. Then in Practical
resistor, beyond a few megahertz ,it may have few effects.
Because in manufacturing process, every resistor inherits
some stray capacitance.
For example a carbon composition resistor having a
resistance of 100 ohm is essentially stable up to
300MHZ,where as a 100Kohm resistor drop off at about
15MHz.In general ,this type of carbon composition resistor
has ideal characteristics up to 15MHZ frequency and for
frequencies like 100HZ,1KHz ,150KHZand so on can be
considered as ideal.
FIG1.2
Response of frequency on Inductor
• An inductor exhibits an inductive characteristic ,the
impedance increases as the frequency rises up to a resonance
frequency.
Beyond the resonance frequency ,the inductor exhibits a
capacitive characteristic (The impedance decreases as the
frequency rises)
For inductors in the millihenry range frequencies approaching
100 kHz can have an effect on the ideal characteristics of the
element. For inductors in the microhenry range, a frequency
of 1MHz may introduce negative effects. It doesnot means
that inductors lose their, effect at these frequencies but rather
that they can no longer be considered ideal (purely inductive
elements).
An Inductor acts as impede in Alternating current because
higher the frequency ,the harder for current to flow.
We should know that up to about 2 MHz, the
impedance increases almost linearly with frequency,
clearly suggesting that the 100 µH inductor is
essentially ideal. However, above 2 MHz, all the factors
contributing to Rs start to increase, while the
reactance due to the capacitive element Cp is more
pronounced. The dropping level of capacitive
reactance begins to have a shorting effect across the
windings of the inductor and reduces the overall
inductive effect.
Response of frequency on Capacitor
If we generally talk regarding the response of frequency on
capacitor then at f=0 capacitor acts as an open circuit. But at
higher frequencies, a capacitor takes on the characteristic of a
short circuit. It is to note that reactance drops very rapidly as
frequency increases.
If f=100KHZ then
XL=2*3.14*(100*10^3)(5*10^-3)
=3140 Ω
STRAIGHT LINE WAS PLOTED AFTER SETTING A RANGE
FROM ZERO TO 100KHz keeping L=5mH CONSTANT
Plot Xc versus frequency for 1 microfarad capacitor using a
frequency range of zero to 10 kHz on a linear scale.
We know that
If f=7KHz then
Xc =1/2πfC Xc =1/2πfC
C=1microfarad =1*10^-6 Xc=1/2*3.14(7*10^3)(1*10^-6)
Given Data Xc=22.74Ω
C=1*10^-6F
f=3KHz,5Khz,7KHz,10KHz If f=10KHz then
Xc=1/2πfC
If f=3KHz then Xc=1/2*3.14(10*10^3)(1*10^-6)
Xc =1/2πfC Xc=15.92Ω
Xc=1/2*3.14(3*10^3)(1*10^-6)
Xc=53.07 Ω
If f=5KHZ then
XC=1/2πfC
Xc=1/2*3.14(5*10^3)(1*10^-6)
Xc=31.84Ω
HYPERBOLA SHAPE WAS PLOTED AFTER SETTING FREQUENCY
RANGE FROM 1 TO 10KHz keeping C=1MICROFARAD
SOFTWARE USED IN MAKING OF THIS GRAPH WAS MATLAB
CODE FOR MAKING XL VERSUS CODE FOR MAKING XC VERSUS
clc clc
close all close all
clear all clear all
F=0:100000; F=0:100:10000;
Xl=2*pi*F*5*10^-3; C=1*10^-6;
Xc=1./(2*pi*F*C);
plot(F,Xl)
xlabel('fHz'); plot(F,Xc)
ylabel('Xl')
title('Plot XL versus xlabel('fHz');
frequency') ylabel('Xc')
title('Plot Xc versus frequency'
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