The Science

of Human
Movement
PE 1 – LESSON 2
 THE SCIENCE OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

● The human body movement is a movement of a

body segment toward the midline of the body.
● Body movements are described in relation to the
anatomical position of the body.

SKELETAL SYSTEM MUSCULAR SYSTEM

HUMAN MOVEMENT
 FIRST
COMPONENT
The SKELETAL System
provides a strong, internal
framework that supports
the body, and provides
protection for vital organs.
 Major bones and Bone Groups

Bone of the Head – SKULL (29)

Vertebral Column – VERTEBRAE (26)
7 Thoracic Vertebrae
5 Lumbar Vertebrae
1 Sacral Vertebrae
1 Coccygeal vertebrae
 Functions of the Skeletal System (PHYSIOLOGICAL)

Provides a site for Serves as storehouse Plays a role in our

blood formation. for calcium which is immune function.
essential for nerve
conduction, blood
clotting and energy
formation.
 Functions of the Skeletal System (Structural)

Gives support to the It protects the delicate Bones are rigid lever
body. organs in the body. of locomotion.
 TWO GROUPS OF SKELETON

Appendicular Axial
Which is composed of the Which is composed of the
upper extremity and lower skull, ribs, trunk, vertebral
extremity. column, and pelvic.
 01 Heredity
• Heredity is an important
determinant of bone mass
density (BMD)
• This is a limiting factor on the
amount of (BMD) an individua
can attain.
02
Nutritional
Status
• Nutrition is important in
maintaining bone health.
• Calcium is important nutrient
for the bones.
 03 Hormonal
Status
• The hormone estrogen plays an
important role in attaining bone mass.
• Acceleration on the rate of bone loss
is also likely to happen on menopausal
women due to loss of estrogen.
04
Activity Level
• Children and adolescents should
participate in high impact
activities for the bone
development.
 Bones – Key terms
Pectoral Girdle

a) Clavicle (2) – Collarbone

b) Scapula (2) – Shoulder Blade
c) Humerus (2) – long bone of
the upper arm
 Bones – Key terms
Upper Extremities

 Radius – shorter and lateral

bone of the forearm.
 Ulna – medial and longer bone
of forearm.
 Carpals – wrist bone.
 Metacarpals – long bone of the
hand.
 Bones – Key terms
Upper Extremities

 Patella – the knee cap

 Tibia – medial and larger two bones of the lower leg
 Tarsal – the bones in the ankle
 Metatarsals – long bones in the foot that are concave
on the plantar or lower surface
 Phalanges – bones of the toes and fingers.
 Kinds of Muscle Fiber
Muscles are the exert forces; thus, they are the major contributor
to human movement. Muscles are used to hold a position, to raise
or lower a body part, to slow down a fast moving segment, and to
generate great speed in the body or in an object that is propelled
on the air.
The muscles only have the ability to pull and create a motion
because it crosses a joint. The tension is developed by the
muscles applying compression to the joints, enhancing their
stability.
 Muscle Tissues’ Properties

01 02 03
Irritability Contractility Extensibility
Is the ability to respond to Is the ability of the muscles Is the muscles’ ability to
stimulus. to generate tension and lengthen or stretch beyond
shorten when it receives the resting length.
sufficient stimulation.

04
Elasticity
Is the ability of the muscle fiber to return to
its resting length after the stretch is
removed.
 Functions of Muscles
Skeletal muscles perform a variety of different functions, all of
which are important to efficient performance of the human body.
The three functions relating specifically to human movement are
contributing to the production of skeletal movement, assisting in
joint stability, and maintaining posture and body positioning.
 Functions of Muscles

Produce Movement Maintain Postures Stabilize Joints

and Positions
 Three Compartments of the Thigh

Anterior Posterior Medial

Compartment Compartment
 Two Fiber Arrangements of the Muscles
Parallel Fiber Arrangement

a) Fusiform – Biceps Brachii

b) Strap – Sartorius
c) Convergent – Pectoralis Major
d) Circular – Orbicularis Oris
e) Flat – External Oblique
 Two Fiber Arrangements of the Muscles
Penniform Fiber Arrangement

a) Unipennate – Semimembranosus
b) Bipennate – Gastrocnemius
c) Multipennate - Deltoid
 Slow Twitch Fiber Types
Slow twitch, or type 1, fibers are oxidative. The fibers are red
because of the high content of myoglobin in the muscle. These
fibers have slow contraction time and are well suited for
prolonged, low-intensity work. Endurance athletes usually have a
high quantity of slow twitch fibers.
 Fast Twitch Fiber Types
Fast-Twitch , or type II, fibers are further broken down into type
IIa, oxidative-glycolytic, and type IIb, glycolytic. The type IIa
fiber is a red muscle fiber known as the intermediate fast-twitch
fiber because it can sustain activity for long period or contract
with a burst of force and then fatigue.
The white type IIb fiber provides us with rapid force production
and then fatigues quickly.
 VIDEO
REFERENCES
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