Lesson D:

Plagiarism and Critical

Thinking
Mr. Jeremy James Sim
 What is Plagiarism?
“Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work
or ideas as your own, with or without their
consent, by incorporating it into your work
without full acknowledgement. All published
and unpublished material, whether in
manuscript, printed or electronic form, is
covered under this definition. Plagiarism may
be intentional or reckless, or unintentional.
Under the regulations for examinations,
intentional or reckless plagiarism is a
disciplinary offence.”
Considered as plagiarism…
Paraphrase, summarize, add your own
ideas to someone else’s without citing
your source, or intentionally.
You hire someone to write your
paper.
You buy, steal, or borrow a paper and
pass it off as yours.
Consequences

Failing grade.
Suspended or expelled.
 Forms/Types of Plagiarism
1.) Word-for-word plagiarism
 #NoShame
 Directly copying word per word without citing your source.

2.) Paraphrase
 Simple substitution for synonyms while maintaining the same
sentence pattern/structure or mere alteration of the sentence
pattern with the same words.
 Example original: I love to sing “Count Your Blessings” to boost
my mood.
 Paraphrase: To boost my mood, I love to sing “Count Your
Blessings.”
 Paraphrase: I enjoy singing “Count Your Blessings” to uplift my
spirits.
Forms/Types of Plagiarism
3.) Mosaic
Lift phrases from the original text and patch
them together in new patterns.
Example original: The Grade 12 students of SSHS
right now are addicted to playing Pokemon Go.
Some students even go in groups to play without
realizing that they may neglect their food intake
or about their health while playing under the
rain. The danger of playing Pokemon Go
ultimately lies out in the streets where their
phones may attract evil people and steal it away
from them.
Mosaic
Plagiarism: The game Pokemon Go made
the Grade 12 students of SSHS addicted to
playing it. Some students even go in groups
to play without eating their lunch or about
their health while playing under the rain.
The danger of playing Pokemon Go
ultimately lies outside of the school where
snatchers lurk around in every corner and
they’ll try to steal their phones away from
the students.
 Forms/Types of Plagiarism
4.) Source
Using a material that has been quoted by another
author, but you cite only the original source.
To be safe, acknowledge your secondary source in your
main text while you also acknowledge the primary
source in your bibliography.
Saludares (as cited in Ong, 2015, p. 24) mentioned
that…

5.) Incomplete citation

Make sure you cite the source for the entire passage.
Incomplete citation is when you cite a source for only
part of this copied passage.
Incomplete Citation plagiarism
According to research, playing Pokemon Go helps
develop not only the motor skillz of children
playing due to excessive walking many kilometers
but also their social skillz through interacting with
different players from all over their area (Lee,
2016). It is also found out that Pokemon Go
contribute to the economy by multiple online
purchases thus the government increased the tax
collection from Niantic. This is to further prove
that Pokemon Go is beneficial for the society
because it not only benefits individuals but
countries as a whole as well.
Why is plagiarism a big deal?!?!
Breach of academic integrity.

Acknowledgement of their debt to the original

author of ideas, words, and data.
Passing off another’s work is not only poor
scholarship but also means you have failed to
complete the learning process.
Unethical.

Undermines the standards of your institution.

 How to avoid plagiarism
1.) Remember to document!
Document when…
… you use someone else’s idea/s.
… you use an illustration, chart,
diagram, or pictures, including
statistical data and experimental
results from another source.
… you directly quote your source.
 How to avoid plagiarism
2.) Don’t document…
… generally accepted facts (aka common
knowledge): Cory Aquino is the first female
president of the Philippines. A dog has 4 legs.
Canada is higher than Mexico geographically. The
Philippines is an archipelago.
… results of your own experiment or study,
experiences, reflections, analyses, and
observations.
3.) Cite all quotations.
4.) Cite all sources you have either summarized or
paraphrased.
 This slide not mine. (no name)
 Words the introduce quotes or paraphrases
The author says . . .
The author explains . . . The author notes . . .
The author reveals . . . The author believes . . .
The author expresses . . . The author observes . . .
The author states . . . The author comments . . .

The author mentions . . . The author relates . . .

The author acknowledges . . . The author declares . . .

The author remarks . . .
The author suggests . . .
The author discusses . . .
The author thinks . . .
The author reports . . .
The author points out . . . The author shows . . .
The author responds . . . The author confirms . . .
 This slide not mine. (no name)
Examples of Stronger Verbs

T he author agrees . . .
The
The author rejects . . .
The
The author argues . . . The
The author compares . . .  The
The author asserts . . . The
The author admits . . . The
The author cautions . . . The
The author disputes . . .
The author emphasizes . . .
author contends . . .
author insists . . .
author denies . . .
author maintains . . .
author refutes . . .
author claims . . .
author endorses . . .
Common Knowledge
1.) Something your readers already know.

2.) You can easily find it in the general reference

source
3.) Documented in at least 5 other sources

Consider the knowledge of your readers may have.

Use your own judgment.
What is Critical Thinking?
 Think about this…
We should totally buy this dishwashing liquid because a
beauty queen endorses it.
This party believes that the issue at hand is very
important thus we need concrete actions to alleviate the
burden among citizens through the initiative of our
politician. But this politician should not be trusted
because he has different religious beliefs than the
majority of his constituents.
“E bakit ang panget mo?”
“The politician has been taken out of context.”

We must sell this product to the market because all

Grade 12 students of SSHS consume this everyday so the
youth today will patronize this product.
What is Critical Thinking?
“evaluation of ideas”
Vs. Creative thinking
“production of ideas”
Critical perspective
Question and reflect what you read, see,
and observe.
To fully understand a certain
phenomenon.
Fallacies- errors in logic.
References and sources
Oxford students. University of Oxford. https
://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism
?wssl=
1
Perfecto, Marianne Rachel G., Michelle G. Paterno, Rosalia A.
Pison. The New Anvil Guide to Research Paper Writing. Pasig
City: Anvil Publishing, Inc., 2005. Print.
https://www.uky.edu/Ombud/Plagiarism.pdf

http://library.tamu.edu/services/library_tutorials/academic_int
egrity/academic_integrity_3.
html
https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/tools/lp/Bo/LogicalFallacie
s/81/
Equivocation
Photo sources
http://67.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_kvarqaNF7x1qzjgz
oo1_500.
jpg