Components of a Building

and Building Specifications

Engr. Lito I. Mauro

Components of a building: Civil Works
1. Foundation 10. Building services
2. Plinth 11. Fencing and
3. Walls and Frames external works
4. Floors
5. Lintels
6. Roof
7. Doors and Windows
8. Stairs, escalators and elevators
9. Finishing works (plastering, painting, and tiling
Construction of foundation
Different types of foundation
1. Strip foundation (Shallow foundations)
2. Footing foundation (Shallow foundations)
3. Raft foundations (Shallow foundations)
4. Pile foundation (Deep foundations)
5. Pier foundation (Deep foundations)
Construction of plinth
Plinth is the dividing line between the substructure and
the superstructure.
The projecting part of the wall above the ground level is
the plinth.
The plinth is capped by a beam called plinth beam.
The provision of a plinth beam and damp-proof course at
plinth level are important in building construction.
The plinth is usually kept at least 45cm (1.5ft) above the
general ground level of the building.
Construction of walls and columns
Walls are mostly made of masonry.
It may be of brick, CHB or stonework, etc.
Walls can be load bearing walls or partition
walls, etc.
Buildings may be constructed as a framed
structure with columns and footings.