Grammar

A1
imperatives &
must / mustn’t
Recommended for:
Gold Experience
Focus
High Note

2019 1
 The imperative and must/mustn’t can
have a similar use.
Let’s look at:
1. When we use imperatives and must/mustn’t.
2. How we make imperatives in the positive and negative.
3. How we make sentences with must/mustn’t.
4. Some important things about pronunciation.

When do we use them?

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 Function: imperatives and must/mustn’t
Turn to
You must buy a Don’t speak
page 31 in
ticket for the train. Spanish in class.
your books.

Look at what the men and women say

above and match the examples to the
You mustn’t take rules.
photos in the
museum. Now match the headings:
must/mustn’t imperatives

To give instructions or orders. To give strong instructions or talk about

obligations or rules.
1. Turn to page 31 in your books. 2. You must buy a ticket for the train.

3. Don’t speak Spanish in class. 4. You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

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 Function: imperatives and must/mustn’t
1. We use imperatives to give instructions or orders.
This is an
Turn to instruction Don’t speak
page 31 in from a This is an Spanish in class.
your books. teacher. order from a
teacher.

2. We use must/mustn’t to give strong instructions or talk

about obligations or rules.
You must buy You mustn’t take
a ticket for the This is a rule. photos in the
train. museum.

This is a strong
instruction or How do we make
an obligation. sentences?
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 Form: imperatives and must/mustn’t
Turn to page You mustn’t take
You must buy a ticket Don’t speak Spanish in
31 in your photos in the
for the train. class.
books. museum.

Look at the examples

again and complete
the table with these must/mustn’t imperatives
words. positive:
? must/ ?
+ + no changes to the verb
person mustn’t
negative:
Don’t
? infinitive
+
infinitive

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 Form: imperatives and must/mustn’t
Turn to page You mustn’t take
You must buy a ticket Don’t speak Spanish in
31 in your photos in the
for the train. class.
books. museum.

must/mustn’t imperatives
subject + must/mustn’t + verb infinitive positive negative
You must buy (a ticket.) no changes to the verb Don’t + verb infinitive
You mustn’t take (photos.) Turn to page 31. Don’t speak (Spanish.)

The infinitive of the Notice how there is no

verb is what you find person (subject) with the
Look! It doesn’t change!
in a dictionary (but imperative. We start the
with no to here). imperative with the verb.

Think about
pronunciation...
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 Think about pronunciation…
Listen to your teacher say these
You mustn’t phrases and repeat.
be late.

Do we pronounce the -t at the end

You must of the word must?
You must speak No.
organise your
English in class.
room today!

Now listen to these phrases and

She mustn’t repeat.
eat chocolate
before dinner.
Do we pronounce the -t now?
Why?
Yes, because
the next word
starts with a
vowel.
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 Think about pronunciation…
1. We don’t pronounce the -t in must or mustn’t when the next word
starts with a consonant.

You mustn’t We don’t pronounce You must speak

be late. this -t. English in class.

Consonant Consonant

2. We link the -t to the next word when it starts with a vowel.

She mustn’t eat chocolate before You must organise your
dinner. room today!

The -t
links
Let’s practise!
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 Practice activities
Complete these rules using must or mustn’t and one of the verbs in the box.
copy use study be

mustn’t use
1. You………………………….. your mobile phone in your car.
must be
2. You…………………………. careful when crossing roads.
must study
3. You…………………………..hard for exams.
mustn’t copy
4. You…………………………..from friends in exams.

Match the two halves of the instructions/orders.

1. Cook… a. late.
2. Close... b. it in the oven for 20 minutes.
3. Go… c. on the table!
4. Don’t be… d. the door, please.
5. Don’t sit… e. to bed early.

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note