Multifocal lenses have multiple focal points to accommodate different distances of vision. Bifocals have two focal points, usually for distance and near vision. Trifocals have three focal points, usually for distance, intermediate, and near vision.
The history of multifocal lenses began in 1785 when Benjamin Franklin invented the first bifocal lenses. Over time, bifocals and trifocals evolved from two separate lenses cemented together to using different materials or lens surfaces to hide the lines between focal points. By the mid-20th century, major lens companies developed improved multifocal designs like straight-top and invisible-edge styles that are common today.
Multifocal lenses have multiple focal points to accommodate different distances of vision. Bifocals have two focal points, usually for distance and near vision. Trifocals have three focal points, usually for distance, intermediate, and near vision.
The history of multifocal lenses began in 1785 when Benjamin Franklin invented the first bifocal lenses. Over time, bifocals and trifocals evolved from two separate lenses cemented together to using different materials or lens surfaces to hide the lines between focal points. By the mid-20th century, major lens companies developed improved multifocal designs like straight-top and invisible-edge styles that are common today.
Multifocal lenses have multiple focal points to accommodate different distances of vision. Bifocals have two focal points, usually for distance and near vision. Trifocals have three focal points, usually for distance, intermediate, and near vision.
The history of multifocal lenses began in 1785 when Benjamin Franklin invented the first bifocal lenses. Over time, bifocals and trifocals evolved from two separate lenses cemented together to using different materials or lens surfaces to hide the lines between focal points. By the mid-20th century, major lens companies developed improved multifocal designs like straight-top and invisible-edge styles that are common today.
Definisi Multifocal 1. A lens having a sector or sectors where the refractive power is different from the rest of the lens, such as bifocals or trifocals (Clifford W. Brooks, OD) 2. A lens designed to provide correction for two or more discrete viewing ranges (for example, bifocal and trifocal ) ( MO Jalie ) Bifocal : • Lenses having two areas for viewing, each with its own focal power. Usually the upper portion of the lens is for distance vision, the lower for near vision.(Clifford W. Brooks, OD) • A lens having two discrete portion of different focal power, usually for distance and near ( MO Jalie) Trifocal : • Lenses having three areas of viewing, each with own focal power. Usually the upper portions for distance, the lower for near, and the middle or intermediate portion for distance in between. • A lens has three separate portions of different powers, the distance portion, the intermediate portion and the near portion (MO Jalie) Sejarah dan perkembangan lensa multifokal BIFOCAL • 21 Agustus 1785 (Benyamin Franklin) surat untuk temannya …I cannot distinguish a Letter of Large Print: but am happy in the invention of Double Spectacles, which serving for distant objects as well as near ones, make my Eyes as useful to me as ever they were; If all the other Defects and Infirmities were easily and cheaply remedied, it would be worthwhile for Friends to live a good deal longer… • Awalnya jauh-dekat 2 KM tidak menyenangkan dipotong 1 KM Kekurangannya : • Batas antar lensa : menyebabkan pantulan sinar, debu/kotoran terkumpul tidak enak dipandang dan jadi perhatian • Structure yang mudah lepas 1837, Isaac of Schnaitmann dari Philadelpia - Bentuk one piece bifocal “the solid upcurve bifocal” Kekurangannya : - variasi kombinasi power jauh dan dekat menyebabkan thickness yang makin tebal prisma yang tinggi (tidak bisa ditolelir) 1888, August Morck memodifikasi bifocal dari Franklindikenal The Perfection bifocal • Kekurangannya : • Batas segment tempat debu/kotoran • Susah dan mahal untuk produksinya 1888 Morck juga mempatenkan penemuannya dikenal the cemented bifocal • segment ditempel di back surface menggunakan Canada Balsam • Digunakan s/d abad ke-20 • Mempunyai kelemahan : setelah dipakai lama ada penumpukan kotoran disekitar segment 1899, John Borsch, menemukan the Cemented Kryptok bifocal • Segment dari flint glass (n1.67) • Kryptokbahasa Yunani berarti hidden/tersembunyi • Susah diproduksi karena membuat 6 permukaan 1908, John Borsch, Jr mengembangkan pertama kali fused bifocal dikenal “Kryptok Lens” • Kelebihannya : 1. Tidak ada penumpukan debu/kotoran disekitar segment 2. Segment tidak mudah copot, berubah warna, chip (gupil) 3. Segment relative tidak kelihatan 1910, Charles Conner dikenal Ultex bifocal • Terbuat dari lensa kaca dibuat dengan back surface yang kelengkungann ya berbeda 1915, Henry Courmettes, berkebangsaan Perancis tinggal di New York • Button dibuat dengan material dengan 2 indeksbias berbeda • Awal mula design straigh-top dan trifokal 1931, orang Inggris (W. Watson dan G, Gulver) mempatenkan pertama kali straght-top bifocal (gb A) • Penelitian yg luar biasa dari ( Clement, Price, M.H. Stanley dan V. Hancock)D-style segment (gb B) 1933, dipatenkan oleh M.H.Stanley • Segment sudah dipatenkan oleh Jack Silverman, 1932 • Design lain yang menggunakan Courmettes process • Modifikasi dari D-style oleh James hammond puncak segment “round”dikenal the Panoptik • Oleh Price puncak segment “curve” The Widesite 1954, American Optical Company mengembangkan lensa “Executive bifocal”. • Terbuat dari lensa kaca dibuat dengan front surface yang kelengkungannya berbeda TRIFOKAL • 1826, John Isaac Hawkins pertama yang menjelaskan menggunakan lensa trifokal • 1932, dijual secara komersil “Round-top trifocal” (Gb A) dikembangkan oleh L.W Bugbee, Clement, J. Hammond, V. Hancock dan Price –Paten oleh V Hancock. • 1936, Straight-top fused trifocal pertama oleh V. Hancock (Gb B) • Setelah mengembangkan Ultex bifocal, Conner mengembangkan Curve Top Ultex trifocal (Gb C) • 1954, American optical mendesign Executif trifocal (Gb D)