Name: _____________________________ Grade& Section: _______________ Date: _________ Score: _____

Applications of Mirrors and Lenses

Introduction
Optics is the study of visible light and the ways it can be used to extend human vision and do other tasks. Optical
instruments are based on optics. They use mirrors and lenses to reflect and refract light and form images.
You have learned already that a concave mirror which is also called a converging mirror has its reflecting surface
bulging inwards, i.e. away from the incident light. There are numerous uses of concave mirrors in daily life. It is used in the
aircraft landing for instance to guide the airplane; it is used as a torch to reflect the light rays; it is used during shaving to get
an erect and enlarged image of the face, etc. A convex lens which is also called as a converging lens or positive lens is
thicker in the middle. The light rays that pass through a convex lens converge or are brought closer together. There are
various uses of a convex lens like in a microscope, and magnifying lens.

Learning Competency: Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in optical instruments
(e.g., cameras and binoculars) (S10FE-IIg-50)
Activity A: Study the pictures below. Identify the type of mirrors or lenses used in each optical instrument. Write Plane
Mirror, Convex Mirror, Concave Mirror, Convex Lens, or Concave Lens under each picture.

security mirror solar furnace microscope lenses rear view mirror shave mirror
CONVEX MIRROR CONCAVE LENS CONVEX LENS CONVEX MIRROR CONCAVE MIRROR

binocular projector kaleidoscope periscope front lights of cars

CONVEX LENS CONVEX LENS PLANE MIRROR PLANE MIRROR CONCAVE MIRROR

Evaluation: Choose the letter of the correct answer by writing on the space blank provided before the number.
B 1. What kind of mirror is used in automobiles and trucks to give the driver a wider area and smaller image of traffic behind
him?
a) Plane mirror b) Convex mirror c) Concave mirror d) rough mirror

C. 2. What type of mirror do dentists usually use to see clearly the images of our teeth?
a) Plane mirror b) Convex mirror c) Concave mirror d) rough mirror

B. 3. You see your face clearly if you look down on a pool of still water. Which one of the following statements gives the
best explanation for this observation?
a) Light entering the water is dispersed.
b) Regular reflection of light happens on the surface of still water.
c) Irregular reflection of light happens on the surface of still water.
d) Light is reflected from the surface of water in different directions.

B. 4. A photocopy “Xerox” machine produces an image that is of equal size as the object. Considering the location of an
object in a convex lens, where is the object located or placed to produce an image that is of equal size to the object?
a) At F’ b) At 2F’ c) Between F’ and V d) Between 2F’ and F’

A. 5. What type of lens is used to correct farsightedness?

a) Convex b) Concave c) Parabolic d) Plane

REFERENCE: Science 10 Learner’s Material, pp. 181 – 189

Name: _____________________________ Grade& Section: _______________ Date: _________ Score: _____
Simple Electric Motor
Introduction
Energy comes in many forms. Electric energy can be converted into useful work, or mechanical energy, by
machines called electric motors. Electric motors work due to electromagnetic interactions: the interaction of current (the
flow of electrons) and a magnetic field.
Learning Competency: Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator. (S10FE-IIg-50)

Activity A: DIY Science Project

A group of Grade 10 students are asked by their Science teacher to make a simple electric motor as their project. This
electric motor can be easily made using simple materials found around their house according to their research.
Some of the materials needed for making the project are:
Insulated copper wire (about 3 to 4 meters) Lighter and safety pins (2 pieces)
Power source (9 volts battery) Plywood or cardboard as frame structure
A bar magnet Hot melting glue
A small knife Bottle cap
After collecting all the materials needed, they have started making their project right away. Here they have provided steps.
 First of all they take a plywood base. For better stability they have glued two small
wooden blocks.Then they place two bar magnets between these small woods with
the reference of small wood glue safety pins like in the picture at the right.

 After this they take insulated cope wire, make ring with the help of bottle cap as in the
picture at the right.

 Then with the help of a knife, they remove the

top-half of the wire insulation on each free end
of the coil. The exposed wire should be facing the
samedirection on both sides. 

 Two terminals are passed to holes of safety pins. Finally, they supply electricity
by connecting the wire to the two pins. See picture at the right.

Guide Questions:
1. Why do you think half of the wire needs to remain insulated?

The half of the wire needs to be insulated because when it spins an electric current would not flow on that part of the
rotation that makes the forces to balance each other that ceases rotation on that direction

2. When the electricity is supplied, what do you think would happen to the coil?

it will have its own magnetic field

3. What do you think would happen when you spin the coil in the other direction?

The coil will stop and will now spin

4. What would happenwith a bigger magnet? A bigger battery? Thicker wire?

The spin speed and magnetic will be much stronger because of the bigger magnet and thicker wire and its spin will last
much longer because of the bigger battery.

5. Based on the activity, how would you explain the operation of a simple electric motor? Is it the same with that of the
generator? Justify your answer.

The motor works by running an electric current on a copper coil. Running an electric current on a copper wire causes it
to become an electromagnet and that electromagnet reacts with the magnetic field of the magnet below it causes it to spin
on a specific direction.
REFERENCE: Science 10 Learner’s Material, pp. 115 - 128