Name:Dost Muhammad

Roll No:20PG041
Subject: Fundamental of Petroleum Engineering
Teacher:Dr Aftab Ahmed Mahesar
Date:28/03/2021
Petroleum And Its Types, Properties
and Compositions
 Presentation Topics
• What is Petroleum?
• Background.
• Composition Of Petroleum.
• Types Of Petroleum.
• Properties Of Petroleum.
• Petroleum in Pakistan.
• Petroleum Products And Their Uses.
 What Is Petroleum?
• The word petroleum comes from the Latin petra, meaning “rock,” and
oleum, meaning “oil.”
• Petroleum may be defined as a naturally occurring, complex mixture of
hydrocarbons which may be either gas, liquid, or solid, depending upon its
own unique composition.
• When it is drilled from the ground in the liquid form, it is called crude oil.
 Background
• Petroleum is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.
• Humans have known about its existence for 4000 years.
• The first time crude oil was pumped from the ground was 2500 years ago
in China.
• The world’s first crude oil well was drilled by Edwin Drake in
Pennsylvania, USA only in the year 1859. This well is called Drake Well.
 Composition Of Petroleum

• The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes,

cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons while the other
organic compounds contain impurities like nitrogen,
oxygen and sulphur, and trace amounts of metals such as
iron, nickel, copper and vanadium.
Elemental Composition Of Crude Oil
Hydrocarbon Composition of Crude Oil
 Types of Crude Oil
• Petroleum is classified by:
• Base Designation
• Paraffin Base
• Asphalt Base
• Mixed Base
 Paraffin Based Crude Oil

• An oil whose chief components are Paraffin's.

• Oil when completely distilled, leaves a solid components of wax.
 Asphalt Based Crude Oil

• An oil composed primarily of cyclic compounds (naphthenes).

• Oil when distilled, leaves a solid residue of asphalt
 Mixed Based Crude Oil

• An oil which is formed in the middle of both categories is

called Mixed Based.
 Properties of crude oil
• API Gravity:
• It is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is.
• API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's density. For example,
if one petroleum liquid is less dense than another, it has a greater API gravity.
• A crude with higher API values are more valuable.
• The formula to calculate API gravity from Specific Gravity (SG) is:
 Bubble Point Pressure

• Pressure at which first bubble of gas is liberated from

the reservoir oil at reservoir temperature.
• Pb’ (saturation pressure)
 Formation Volume Factor
• Oil formation volume factor is defined as the ratio of
the volume of oil at reservoir conditions to that at surface
conditions.
• This quantity is always greater than 1.
 Petroleum in Pakistan
• The first attempt for the search of oil and gas in Sindh began by the
Burmah Oil Company, a Scottish oil business based in Khairpur. The
project did not result in discovery of oil.
• Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) was founded in 1950. Its first project
comprised of drilling near the town of Sui, Baluchistan, leading to the
discovery of the largest gas field of the country.
Petroleum Companies of Pakistan
 Petroleum Products And Their Uses

• Petroleum products produces gasoline, kerosene etc.

• Gasoline, also spelled gasoline, also called gas or petrol, flammable liquid
hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. Gasoline is most often used in vehicles
like cars, vans, etc.
• Kerosene is obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps
and domestic heaters or furnaces, as a fuel or fuel component for jet engines.