Present perfect tense

• PPT describes actions or situations that

occured at unspeciffic time in the past. It also
refers to repeated past action.
• Adverbs that ussually used in PPT are ever,
never, already, just, recently, still, and yet.
 Pattern

• Nominal sentence
• (+) S + have/ has + been +adj, n, adverb
• (-) S + have/has + not + been +adj, n, adverb
• (?) have/has + s + been + adj, n, adverb

• Verbal sentence
• (+) S + have/has +V3 (past participle)
• (-) S + have / has + not + V3
• (?) Have / has + S + V3
Example
• He has been a teacher For 5 years
• He has painted his house recently (unspecific)
• I have gone there five times (repeated past act.)
 Present perfect continous tense
• PPCT decsribes actions or situation that began
in the past and have continued to the present
or are still true in the present.
• Time expression such as for and since
– For (period of time): for 2 hours, for 2 years...
– Since (point of time) since this morning, since
march.
– Since i graduated
 Pattern PPCT
• (+) S + have/has + been + V ing
• (-) S + have / has + not +been + Ving
• (?) Have / has + S + been + Ving

• She has been studying English For 5 years

• She has not been studying English for 5 years
• Has she been studying English for 5 years?
 PPT vs PPCT
• There is very little difference between the
present perfect tense and the present perfect
continuous. In many cases, both are equally
acceptable.
⮚ A few verbs such as live, work, and study are
used with PPT or PPCT
⮚ PPT is used with verbs that are not ussually used
in continous tense (non action verb).
Example: i have known him for 5 years.
I have been knowing him for 5 years >X
⮚ To emphasize the result of the action, we use
PPT form.
– I've made fifteen phone calls this morning.
– He's written a very good report.
⮚ we use the PPCT to talk about events with a
connection to the present.

• I’ve been painting the house this summer for 1

week. The focus is on the action – painting –
and the action is unfinished.

• I’ve painted the living room blue. The focus is

on the finished result. The activity is finished
but we can see the result now.
Look at these two sentences:
❖I’ve read that book you lent me. I finished it
yesterday. (PPT)
❖I’ve been reading that book you lent me. I’ve
got another 50 pages to read. (PPCT)
• The present perfect tense(I’ve read) gives the
idea of completion while the present perfect
continuous (I’ve been reading) means that
something is unfinished.
Look these sentences

✔I’ve worked here for two years.

✔I usually work in London but I’ve been working
in Aukland for the last 2 weeks.

• We can use the present perfect tense to talk

about how long when we view something as
permanent. But the present perfect
continuous is often used to show that
something is temporary.
 
• Do exercises
• 1) page 231 part B!
• 2) page 232 part D!
3) page 242 part D!

Homework:
4) page 244 part E!
5) page 249 (dear yukiko).

Homework 242 part D, 244 part E, 249 (dear yukiko)

 A guessing game
In small groups choose one person to pretend
he or she has had an usual job, such as an
astronout, snake charmer or lion tamer. That
person will give answer questions and give a
few hints to the rest of the group as they try
to guess the job title. Use PPT in your
questions or responses.