Psychology
emotion
Proposed theory
Grand theories are those
comprehensive ideas often
proposed by major thinkers
such as Sigmund Freud, Erik
Erikson,4 and Jean Piaget.
Grand theories of development
include psychoanalytic theory,
learning theory, and cognitive
theory.
Functions of the emotions
Happiness has been linked to a variety of outcomes
Anger has been linked to
coronary heart diseases and
1.a strong feeling deriving from one's circumstances,
mood, or relationships with others.
including increased longevity and increased marital
satisfaction. Conversely, unhappiness has been linked
diabetes. It has also been
to a variety of poor health outcomes. linked to behaviors that pose
health risks such as
Sadness can often lead people to engage in coping aggressive driving, alcohol
2.instinctive or intuitive feeling as distinguished from mechanisms such as avoiding other people, self-medicating,
and ruminating on negative thoughts. Such behaviors can consumption, and smoking.
reasoning or knowledge.
actually exacerbate feelings of sadness and prolong the
duration of the emotion. Surprise can have
6 Basic emotions Repeated exposure to a fear object or situation important effects on
can lead to familiarity and acclimation, which human behavior. For
Ekman proposed seven basic emotions: fear, anger, joy, can reduce feelings of fear and anxiety. example, research has
sad, contempt, disgust, and surprise; but he changed shown that people tend
to six basic emotions: fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, People can also experience moral disgust to disproportionately
when they observe others engaging in notice surprising events.
and surprise.
behaviors that they find distasteful,
immoral, or evil.