Health Awareness Programme

By
Dr.M.Lakshmaiah
Medical Superintendent
HWP (Manuguru)
Date: 13th March, 2006.
Venue: HWP (Kota) Training Hall
Works Building
Organised By
Training Section, HWP(K)
 Topics

• Prevention of Heart Attacks, Stroke, High

BP (Hypertension)
• Prevention of Diabetes
• Healthy food habits.
• Obesity
 What is Hypertension ? (High B.P)

• Normal B.P-140/90 mmHg

Classification of Hypertension
• Mild – 146/96 to 150/100 mmHg
• Moderate – 151/101 to 160/110 mmHg
• Severe – 160/110 mmHg
 What is Heart Attack ?

Blood supply to Heart (Coronary Arteries)

a. Angina
b. Myocardial infarction
What is Stroke ?
Bell’s Palsy
Hemiplegia
Hemiperisis
 Heart Diseases

1. Congenital
2. Valvular
3. Coronary
Prevention of Heart Attack, Stroke, Hypertension

A. Regular Physical Activity – Brisk walk – 45 mts./day

(morning walk)
B. Maintain Normal Body Weight –
Weight = Height in cms – 100
C. Limit Alcohol intake.
D. Limit Salt intake – 3 gms/day/person
E. Diet rich in fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy
products.
F . Restrict fat intake.
G. Ideal Cooking oil – Mustard Oil
 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
It causes decrease in the flow of blood.
Oxygen supply is not sufficient
Causes Pain in the chest (Angina)
Heart Attack/Stroke

How Do you know whether you had high risk of CAD ?

• Increase levels of cholesterol
• Smokers or Tobacco users
• Diabetics
• Individuals who are obese.
• Individuals with High B.P (Hypertension)
 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

• Family history of Heart Diseases

• Men
• Women after Menopause
• Individuals who lead a sedentary life style
( lack of exercise)
• Increased levels of homo cysteine
 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
• Stop Smoking
• Treatment of Dyslipidaemia
Lipid Profile
S.Cholesterol
S.Trigliserides
H.D.L
L.D.L
• Control of Hypertension : if a person is hypertensive.
 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
• Diet : Preferably Vegetarian Diet
Fats 10%
We can use Garlic
Onion
Whole grain cereals
Cooking oil
Mustard Oil
Mixed oils
Alcohol Daily 30 ml
 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

• Exercise – 45 mts/day- Brisk walk

• Psychological Support
 Prevention of High B.P/Hypertension
• Diet : Vegetarian Diet
a. Low salt intake – 3gms/day
b. Low fat diary products – milk, curd etc.
c. Vegetables – 300 gms/day
d. Fruits – 200 gms/day
• Stop smoking, if person is smoker
• Maintain Ideal body weight
• Exercise _ 4hrs./week – 45 mts./day (Brisk walt)- Morning walk
• Reduce Mental tension by Meditation
• Stop alcohol intake if person is regular alcoholic or minimise
intake- 30 ml/day
 Target organ damage due to
uncontrolled hypertension
• Heart Disease
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Angina or prior Myocardial infarction
Prior coronary revascularisation
Heart failure
• Stroke or Transient ischaemic attacks
• Nephropathy
• Peripheral arterial disease.
• Retinopathy
 Preparations high in added salt

• Pickles, chutneys, sauce and ketchups

• Papads,chips and salted biscuits
• Savoury items
• Cheese and salted butter
• Canned vegetables
• Readymade soup packets
• Dried salted fish
 Lipid Profile
• Total Cholesterol
200 mg/dl – Desirable
200 – 239 mg/dl – Borderline
>240 mg/dl – High
L.D.L. Cholestrol (Bad Cholesterol)
< 100 mg/dl – Optimal
100-129 mg/dl – Above Optimal
130-159 mg/dl – Borderline high
160 mg/dl - High
 Lipid Profile
• H.D.L.Cholesterol ( Good Cholesterol)
Protects against Heart Diseases
< 40 mg/dl – Major Risk factor for heart diseases
• Triglycerides
< 150 mg/dl – Normal
151 to 159 mg/dl – Border line hgih
160 to 199 mg/dl – High
> 200 mg/dl – Needs treatment
 What Effects Cholesterol Levels
• Diet :- Saturated fat
Cholesterol in food
• Risk Factor for heart disease
Overweight
Increase Cholesterol
• Physical activity LDL HDL
Cholesterol Cholesterol
• Age and gender Older Women Cholesterol
Men
• Heriditory
 OBESITY
What is Obesity ?
• Excess Adipose Tissue – BM I > 30
• BMI = Body weight in Kgs./Height 2 in meters
• Normal – 18.5 to 24.9
• Over Weight – 25 to 29.9
• Class – I – 30 to 34.9
• Class-II – 25 to 39.9
• Class-III - >40
• Approx. Body weight = Height in cms – 100
• Abdominal circumference
>102 cm in Men
>88 cm in women
 OBESITY
How to reduce Body Weight ?
• Diet – Low Fat, High Complex Carbohydrate, High Fibre
• Exercise – Walking – Why walk ?
• What benefits with walking?
• How to walk?
• Are there rules to follow in walking ?
• How to make walking safe?
• What are the precautions to be followed?
• What are the possible danger signals to be watched?
• Are there any exercises other than walking?
 Diabetes

When You Can not leave it

Learn to live with it
 Complications
1. EYE :
Diabetic Cataract
Diabetic retinopathy
Glacoma
2. Kidney
Diabetic Nephropathy
3. Gangrene of the feet
4. Diabetic Neuropathy
5. Skin and Mucous Membrane Complications

Diabetic Coma and Diabetic Keto Acidosis