STEAM WATER

CHEMISTRY
in
Feed water iron and copper concen-
trations during startup
Water side deposition in boiler water walls
Aaa
11 Chemical transfer
1
Q
q
 Q
Mechanical carry over
 Q
SOLUBILITY OF MAGNETITE IN WATER WITH AMMONIA
 TARGET VALUES
FOR
INDIVIDUAL PARAMETERS
 SODIUM
• STEAM: 5PPB FOR DRUM TYPE
3 PPB FOR AVT
• BOILER: AS LESS AS POSSIBLE i>e>
LOW PHOSPHATE
• MAKEUP/CONDENSATE: EQUAL TO
STEAM
• LIMITS IN CNDENSATE RELAXED IF
CPU PRESENT
 CHLORIDE
• STEAM: 3 PPB WITH REHEAT AND 6
PPB WITHOUT REHEAT
• BOILER: AVT MORE STRINGENT
• MAKEUP: 3 PPB
 SULPHATE
• STEAM: 3 PPB WITH REHEAT AND 6
PPB WITHOUT REHEAT
• BOILER: AVT MORE STRINGENT
• MAKEUP: 3 PPB
 SILICA
• STEAM: 10 PPB REHEAT, 20 PPB
WITHOUT REHEAT
• BOILER: VAPOROUS CARRY OVER
• MAKEUP: 10 PPB
 OXYGEN
• ECO INLET: TO CONTROL OXYGEN
INTO BOILER
• DA OUTLET: 7PPB
• DA INLET: LP HEATERS PROTECTION
• COND. PUMP: TO PROTECT LP
HEATERS
COPPER
PICKUP
 PROBLEM IN MAINTAINING
STEAM WATER CHEMISTRY
• FOR CARBON STEEL HIGH pH, AND FOR
COPPER ALLOYS LOW pH
• DEPOSITION OF CORRODENTS POSE MORE
PROBLEM
– EFFICIENCY LOSS
– GENERATION LOSS
– DEPOSITION ON WATER WALL
– COPLICATED CHEM. CLEAINING
– MAX. CORROSION
GENERATION TRANSPORTATION
& DEPOSITION

LP HEATERS HP TURBINE DEPOSITS

HP HEATERS BOILER DEPOSITS,
PRESS. DROP
CONDENSER FREQUENT CHEM.
CLEAN
ORIFICE FOULING
SUPER HEATER
DEPOSITS
• TRANSPORT OCCURS IN NORMAL
OPERATION AND STARTUPS
• GET CONCENTRATED AND MECH. & VAPO.
CARRY TAKES PLACE
• >2400 psi MORE THAN 30% OF BOILER
WATER COPPER CAN BE CARRIED OVER
• DEPOSITED LOCATIONS BECOME
SOURCES DURING STARTUPS
 As Cu Al Al ADM. 90/10 80/20 70/30 MONEL
BRONZE BRASS BRASS CuNi CuNi CuNi
GENERAL S S S S S S S R
CORROSION

COND. S S S S S S R R
GROOVING

STRESS R R S S S S S S
CORR.

ACID S S S S S S S P
ATTACK

EROSION S S S S P P P R

IMPINGE- S S S S S S S P
MENT

FRETTING S S S S S S S P

SNAKE SKIN N N N N N P S S
 DISSOVED OXYGEN
• COPPER TO COPPER ION SLOW REACTION
• CUROUS COMPLEXED WITH AMMONIA TO
CUPRIC FORM RAPID
• CUPROUS LAYER MORE STABLE
• MORE OXYGEN MORE CONVERSION AND
DISSOLUTION
• CUPRIC ION AMMONIA COMPLEX IS OXIDISING
COPPER TO COPPER ION
• REDUCING ATM. FAVOURS
• CARBON DIOXIDE, CYCLIC TEMP. ETC HASTENS
THE PROBELM
 FAC
• RATE OF WALL LOSS IS EFFETED BY
FACTORS
– FLUID TEMP.
– MASS TRANSFER
– ALLOY COMPOSITION
– OXIDISING/REDUCING POT.
– FLUD pH VALUE
– COMPONENT GEOMETRY
– UPSTREAM INFLUENCES
– STEAM QUALITY
– PRESSURE IS NOT CRITERA
 CONTROL THROUGH WATER
CHEMISTRY
• AVT
• AVT WITHOUT REDUCING AGENT
• OXYGENATED TREATMENT
– Removal of scavenger/addition of oxygen
increases the ORP and converts the magnetite
to ferric oxide hydrate. FeOOH. This has lower
solubility