Colour Composite Video Signal

(C.C.V.S.)
and Other Video Standards

K.R.TAHILIANI
Dy. DIRECTOR, (R&D)
Analog Video
• NTSC
• PAL
•SECAM
 What comes out of a TV
camera?
•     A TV camera outputs a video signal that
is split into the three primary colours; red,
green and blue (RGB).

• The entire colour spectrum can be

represented by varying intensities of these
three colours.
Y = 0.3 R + 0.59 G + 0.11 B
 PAL Video
• 625 scan lines per frame, 25 frames per
second (40 m sec/frame)
• Aspect ratio 4:3

• Interlaced, each frame is divided into 2 fields, 312.5

lines/field
1. Colour representation:
2. PAL uses Y,U,V colour model
3. Luminance (Y ) =0.3R+ 0.59G +0.11B
•In PAL System carrier is single, we need
two signals i.e. (R–Y) and (B–Y) to
modulate independently.

•Both are of the same frequency but are

displaced in phase by 90 degrees.

•Hence it uses quadrature Amplitude

modulation (QAM).
•The two modulated signals at 90
degrees to each other produces the
resultant chrominance signal which gets
added to Luminance signal to form
Composite colour Video Signal (CCVS).
•The (R-Y) and (B-Y) chrominance signals may be
recovered at the television receiver by suitable
synchronous demodulation.

•The sub-carrier is to be generated by a local

oscillator.
•This generated sub-carrier in the receiver must have
same phase and frequency as that of transmitted
sub-carrier.

•This is achieved by transmitting 10 cycles of sub-

carrier frequency on the back porch of H
synchronizing pulse and is known as BURST or
colour BURST.
 How PAL System Reduces The
Differential Phase Errors ?
• In PAL system phase of sub-carrier of B-Y
signal modulation remains same.

• Phase of the sub-carrier to the R-Y modulator is

reversed (180 degrees) at each alternate line .

• It means the phase of R-Y of a particular line is

180 degrees opposite to the preceding line as
well as succeeding line.
Video Signal can be converted into
following 3 signals.

1. Component Signal Y, (R-Y), (B-Y)

2. S Video (Two Signals Y & C)

3. Composite video (Only One Signal)

SERIAL DIGITAL INTERFACE (SDI)
Thank You