T IA N

G Y P RE
E A T U
I T E R
L N D RE
A AT U
I T ER
A N L
I
IND
EGYPT
 GEOGRAPHY
Divided into two parts:
Upper Part (South)
Lower Part (North)

42 provinces
22 provinces
in the upper part (south)
20 provinces
in the lower part (north)
 GEOGRAPHY
REPRESENTATIONS:
EGYPT: original name
was Kemet which means
“black land”

Upper Egypt (South)

lotus, vulture, white crown

Lower Egypt (North)

red crown, cobra, papyrus
 HISTORY
3,100 BC
First DYNASTY started,
it was founded by MENES

 2,500 BC
The Second DYNASTY;
practice of mummification

2,000 BC
EGYPT colonized to expand
their land
 HISTORY
1,540 BC
- Hatu Shepsu, first female
Pharaoh; a pharaoh who just
wanted peace rather than
war

THUTMOSE I – husband
and half brother of Hatu
Shepsu. He ruled Egypt
for 4 years
 HISTORY
1, 353 BC
- practice of Monotheism –
worshipping one god
 AMENHOTEP IV
changed his name from
AMEN to AKEN (other
gods)
 - AKENHOTEP which
means, “from the name of
GOD he wanted to
change”
 HISTORY
13th CENTURY
 beginning of the
leadership of RAMSES
(pharaoh on Moses time)

 332 BC
- ALEXANDER THE
GREAT conquered
EGYPT and adapted their
beliefs
 HISTORY
1805
- Start of
MODERNIZATION in
EGYPT
- Muhammad Ali
modernized EGYPT by
building the first port year
1805
 CULTURE AND SOCIETY
HIERARCHY of Society
in EGYPT:
1. Pharaoh
2. Vizier
3. Priesthood
4. Army General
5. Officials
6. Mayors
7. Working Class
8. Criminals/Slaves
 LITERATURE
OLD KINGDOM
(2,700-2,200 B.C.E.)
Papyrus: a tall
perennial grass
where ancient Egypt
used to write
PYRAMID Text
 LITERATURE
 FIRST
INTERMEDIATE
PERIOD
(2,050-1,800 B.C.E.)
COFFIN Text
The dialogue of a man
with his Ba (soul)
Story written in coffin
is about their pharaoh
 LITERATURE
MIDDLE KINGDOM

(2,050-1,800 B.C.E.)
Hymns and songs for
deity and king
Cleopatra: one of the
well-known pharaohs
She used her beauty
to seduce some
pharaohs
 LITERATURE
NEW KINGDOM
(about 1,550-1,100
B.C.E.)
Military, colonial,
heroism
 LITERATURE
LAST KINGDOM
Adventures of
various magicians
 “The Legend of Isis and Osiris”
 This is one of the best
known stories in ancient Egypt. It
concerns the murder of God Osiris
by his brother, Set aka Seth, in
order for him to take over the
throne. Isis, Osiris’s wife, later
collects her husband’s body and
revives it in order to have a son with
him. The rest of the story focuses
on how Horus, Isis and Osiris’s son,
becomes his uncle’s competitor to
the throne and how he takes it back.
The story is one of the most
important in ancient Egypt for its
religious symbolism, and strong
sense of family loyalty and devotion.
 INDIAN LITERATURE
 The Indian literary tradition is
the oldest in the world. It is
primarily one of verse and
essentially oral.
 The family is important in
Indian literature and drama.
Both
the Mahabharata and Ramaya
na—the two most famous
works of Indian literature and
theater— are family epics,
featuring cousins, uncles and
aunts “struggling and killing
each other over land and
dharma
 INDIAN LITERATURE
 The Gupta Empire (A.D. 320
to 647) is regarded as the
classical period or golden
age of Hindu art, literature
and science
 India has 22 officially
recognised languages
 India's greatest poet and
dramatist, Kalidasa
 English helped unify the
Indian subcontinent by
providing a common language
for a region
 INDIAN LITERATURE
 The Indian constitution and
Indian legal code are written
in English
 Sanskrit is the ancient
language of India and the
sacred language of Hinduism
 Sanskrit remained the
language of the educated elite
until the Indian Medieval
Period.
 “The opposite of standard
Sanskrit is Prakrit
 INDIAN LITERATURE
 The Panchatantra is one of
the best-known collections of
old stories. "Panchatantra" is
a Sanskrit word that means
"five books.“
 The Panchatantra was
originally composed in
Kashmir about 200 B.C
 The Gupta period (A.D. 320
to 647) literature consists of
fables and folktales written
in Sanskrit.
 INDIAN LITERATURE
 The Hitopadesa ("Book of
Good Counsel" in Sanskrit) is
another book of fables written
after The Panchatantra. The
stories from Arabian
Nights are very popular in
India, Many of the stories
originated in India.
 INDIAN WRITERS
Nirad Chaudhuri
R.K Narayan
Rabindranath Tagore
During the last 150
years, many writers have
contributed to the
development of modern
Indian literature, written in
a number of regional
languages as well as in
English.
 “THE ARABIAN NIGHTS”
The Arabian Nights is a
collection of tales from the
Islamic Golden Age, compiled
by various authors over many
hundreds of years.
Though each collection features
different stories, they are all
centered around the frame story
of the sultan Shahrayar and his
wife, Scheherazade. After
finding out that his first wife is
unfaithful
1.
 “THE ARABIAN NIGHTS”
 Shahrayar kills her and
swears to marry a different
woman each night before
killing her the following
morning to prevent further
betrayal. Scheherazade, his
vizier's daughter, concocts a
plan to end this pattern. She
marries Shahrayar, and then
begins to tell him a story that
night. However, she stops the
story in the middle, so that he
will be excited to hear the rest
the following night.
 2.
 “THE ARABIAN NIGHTS”
 The next evening, she
finishes that story and then
begins another, following the
same pattern for 1,001 nights,
until Shahrayar has a change
of heart. The stories she tells
comprise the collection.

 3.
 ACTIVITY: READING LIST
Your task is to search online and
check literary resources for 3
CANONICAL WORKS and 3
CONTEMPORARY WORKS from
World literature. You should also
write a short description of what each
work is about as well as justification
as to why the work should be
included in the reading list.
 CANONICAL
TITLE AUTHOR DESCRIPTION JUSTIFICATION

CONTEMPORARY
TITLE AUTHOR DESCRIPTION JUSTIFICATION