RAINWATER

HARVESTING
SUBMITTED TO - AR. VIPASHA SHARMA
SUBMITTED BY – MISHUL GUPTA
75186008
[Link], 4TH SEM.
 • Water is essential for all life of forms on earth-
including human, animal and vegetation.
• It is therefore important that adequate supplies of
water be developed to sustain such life
• Where there is no surface water, where
groundwater is deep or inaccessible due to hard
ground conditions, or where it is too salty, acidic
or otherwise unpleasant or unfit to drink, another

Introduction •
source must be sought.
In areas that have regular rainfall, the most
appropriate alternative is the collection of
Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed rainwater, called rainwater harvesting .
from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough
to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of
the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the
fresh water on the Earth.
Your Logo or Name Here 2
 • The term ‘rainwater harvesting’ is usually taken to
mean the immediate collection of rainwater
running off surfaces upon which it has fallen
directly.
• This definition excludes run-off from land
watersheds into streams, rivers, lakes, etc.
• Hence it is the catching of rain water when it falls
and storing to use during the non rainy season.

What is Rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting (RWH) is a technique
of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or
tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface
aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff).

Your Logo or Name Here 3

 • Can be divided according to the purpose
and the source of collecting water.
• Methods –
1. Roof top harvesting
2. Run off harvesting
The technology of rain • These methods can be selected
considering,the purpose, the type and
water harvesting quantity of storage,Catchment state etc.
Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and
storing rainwater from rooftops, the land surface or rock
catchments using simple techniques such as jars and pots as well
as more complex techniques such as underground check dams.

Your Logo or Name Here 4

Roof top harvesting
• Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting is the technique through which rain water is captured from the roof catchments and
stored in reservoirs. Harvested rain water can be stored in sub-surface ground water reservoir by adopting artificial
recharge techniques to meet the household needs through storage in tanks.
• The Main Objective of rooftop rain water harvesting is to make water available for future use. Capturing and storing
rain water for use is particularly important in dryland, hilly, urban and coastal areas. In alluvial areas energy saving for
1m. rise in ground water level is around 0.40 kilo watt per hour.

Rain water harvesting urban

Your Logo or Name Here 5
Roof top rain water harvesting
Runoff harvesting
• Here the runoff water is collected Gardens,driveways,landscapes,open fields,parks,roads and pavements
and other open areas of the environment can be used to harvest the rain water runoff.
• Using this method, it is possible to collect water from a larger area.
• This is particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Runoff water
Your Logo or Name Here 6
Runoff harvesting Runoff water
 • The various components of roof top rain
water harvesting system are.
1. Roof/ catchment area
2. Gutters and downpipes
3. Filter unit or leaf screen
Components of rain water 4. Storage tank
harvesting 5. Delivery system
6. Water treatment unit
COMPONENTS OF A RAINWATER
HARVESTING SYSTEM. A rainwater harvesting system
comprises components of various stages -
transporting rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration,
and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge. 
Your Logo or Name Here 7
Roof/catchment area:
• The terrace of a building act as a catchment area for collecting water in this system.
• A flat roof is usually made of RCC.
• If tiles are fixed on the top of the roof,good quality of water can be obtained.

Different type of roof catchment area

Catchment area
Your Logo or Name Here 8
Gutters and Downpipes
• Water from roof/ catchment area is collected into gutters.
• Commonly two types of gutters are used
1. Eaves gutter
2. Box gutter

SBS gutter

Your Logo or Name Here 9

Rain water harvesting
Filter unit or Leaf screen
• The rain water collected from the roof should be allowed to reach the storage tank only through a filter unit.
• Rubble, sand and charcoal, as used the traditional three-pot filtration, can be adopted here.

Filter unit

Leaf screen Your Logo or Name Here 10

Storage Tank
• Water from filter unit is stored in the storage tank. Mainly
three types of storage tanks are constructed for roof water
harvesting.
• They are as ;
1. under ground,
2. on the ground
3. above ground tanks.
• The under ground tanks are usually made of masonry or
Rcc. The overhead tanks are made of PVC or masonry

Storage tank in rain water harvesting

Your Logo or Name Here 11

Storage tank in rain water harvesting

Delivery system
• The water from the storage tank is delivered to the treatment unit through delivery pipe system.

Your Logo or Name Here 12

Water treatment unit
• The water stored in the storage tank should be treated if it is to be used for drinking.
• Normally, filtration, sedimentation, disinfection, etc. processes are followed for the treatment of water.

Your Logo or Name Here 13

Advantages of rain water harvesting
• Relatively cheap materials can be used for construction of
containers and collecting surfaces
• Construction methods are relatively straightforward
• Low maintenance costs and requirements
• Environment friendly
• Increase the ground water level and quality.
• Mitigates the effects of drought.
• Reduces the runoff
• Reduces the soil erosion
• Helps in reducing water and electricity bills
• Provides a supply of safe water close to homes, schools or
clinics, encourages increased consumption, reduces the time
women and children spend collecting water, reduces back strain
or injuries from carrying heavy water containers

Your Logo or Name Here 14

Disadvantages of rain water harvesting

• Supplies can be contaminated by bird/animal droppings on

catchment surfaces and guttering structures unless they are
cleaned/flushed before use
• Poorly constructed water jars/containers can suffer from algal
growth and invasion by insects, lizards and rodents. They can act
as a breeding ground for disease vectors if they are not properly
maintained
• Regular maintenance should be needed
• Unpredictable rain fall

Your Logo or Name Here 15

What is the need of Rain
Water Harvesting?
• Rains water is a precious resource due to
increases in demand from our ever growing
population. Changes in rainfall patterns in the
UK have seen both drought conditions and
flooding
• Rainwater harvesting can provide around 50
per cent of a family’s water needs.
• This not only saves water, but saves money
and reduces our impact on the environment.
Your Logo or Name Here 16
Importance of rain water harvesting and
future
• Rain water harvesting plays an important role in agriculture
• Useful for urban areas
• It is important to save the water for the future.
• Thus it is important to improve rain water harvesting through
technical and financial prospects.
• To inculcate a culture of water conservation
• To reduce soil erosion
• To overcome the inadequacy of surface water to meet our
demands.
• To arrest decline in ground water levels.
• To enhance availability of ground water at specific place and
time and utilize rain water for sustainable development.
• To increase infiltration of rain water in the subsoil this has
decreased drastically in urban areas due to paving of open
area.
• To improve ground water quality by dilution.
Your Logo or Name Here 17
 • ‘Rainwater harvesting’ is usually taken to
mean the immediate collection of
rainwater running off surfaces upon which
it has fallen directly.
• So collecting rain water is cost effective
and a best alternative to the scarcity for
water world wide.
• Therefore rain water harvesting should be
Conclusion improved to gain sustainability in various
aspects in rural as well as in urban areas.
Rainwater harvesting is a viable option to supplement
city water for non-potable human uses, such as irrigation. The
overall efficiency of a rainwater harvesting system to
supplement city water increases as area increases.

Your Logo or Name Here 18

Thank You
Mishul Gupta
75186008
[Link]
4th Sem.
References
• [Link]
• [Link]
• https://
[Link]/search?q=rain+water+harvesting&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi-26yZorDpAhWE9zgG
HauPCpsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=rain+water+harvesting&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIECCMQJ
zICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgQIABBDUOjzE1jghhRgl4oUaABwA
HgAgAHEAYgBzA2SAQQwLjExmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=FZu7Xv78
N4Tv4-EPq5-q2Ak&bih=610&biw=1280&rlz=1C1SQJL_enIN856IN856#imgrc=w2Hn7QmnDo4ipM
• [Link]
%2FRajsharma361%2Frain-water-harvesting-and-roof-top-rain-water-harvesting&psig=AOvVaw1--
KSHTS0w7UiCWEQZEQfX&ust=1589445402038000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwo
TCICHo9i3sOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAH
• http://
[Link]/water/rain-water-harvesting-in-india-need-methods-and-other-details/20917

Your Logo or Name Here 20