ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
(Ma’am Susana Fajardo)
Week 2: Language Use in Academic Writing
 OPENING PRAYER
Dear Lord and Father of all, Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all. For your protection
and love we thank you.
Help us focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to learn.
Inspire us by your Holy Spirit as we listen and write.
Guide as by your eternal light as we discover more about the World
around us.
We ask all of this in the name of Jesus
AMEN.
At the end of the lesson learners are expected to:

• determine language style in academic writing;

• differentiate language style used in academic texts
from various disciplines;
• construct paragraphs using academic language.
Review of the Previous Lesson
1. What is the difference between Academic Text
and Non Academic Text
2. What is a three part essay structure?
3. What is an IMRAD Structure?
Arrange the letters to form the correct
words

OJBTEVIC
OBJECTIVE
CEDMICAA
GEALAGNU
ACADEMIC
LANGUAGE
MINATIUHES
HUMANITIES
RMFOLA
FORMAL
SUBENISS
BUSINESS
NIHCCALTE
TECHNICAL
RLAATUN
CIENCESS
NATURAL
SCIENCES
 SCIALO
CIENCESS
CEDMICAA
TIWRNGI
ACADEMIC WRITING
What is an Academic Language?
• language use in the classroom and workplace
• language of text
• language of academic success
• language of power
• Academic language includes language used in textbooks, in
classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is different in
vocabulary and structure from the everyday spoken English of
social interactions.
Social language Vs. Academic language
• When using social, or informal, English in daily
conversation, it’s possible to communicate by using slang
and without using English in a grammatically correct way.
• You can be understood without using:

-articles
-preposition
-sophisticated vocabulary
-pronoun reference
Social language Vs. Academic language
• When using social, or informal, English in daily
conversation, it’s possible to communicate by using slang
and without using English in a grammatically correct way.
• You can be understood without using:

-articles
-preposition
-sophisticated vocabulary
-pronoun reference
Recognizing social language Vs. academic language
When comparing social and academic language students
should look for the following differences
Informal Language Academic Language

repetition of words variety of words, more sophisticated

vocabulary
sentences start with “and” and but sentences start with transition words,
“However”, “Moreover” and “In
addition”

Use of slang such as “cool”, “guy” and

awesome
Academic writing is generally quite formal, objective(impersonal) and
technical as illustrated in the diagram below.
Directions: What do you think is the most correct answer in the following
instances.
1. Instead of the informal 'I have read', use ( I think, The essay has )
2. The phrase 'turn out to be' is informal. Instead, use: ( become , endup )
3. Instead of 'paid for', use ( given, funded )
4. ‘Job' is a little too informal. Instead write ( role, gig, )
5. Instead of ‘funny’ use ( laughable, ironic )
6. Instead of 'picked out', use( selected, taken )
7. Rather than “stand for” write ( be, represent )
8. The term 'music fans' is informal. Instead, use ( audience, goers )
9. As a substitute for 'killing', use ( assassination, political murder)
10. Instead of 'given off', use (created, done )
Directions: Choose the word that best answers the given questions.
1. As long as you know your tutor, you don't need to use a formal style
of writing. It’s good to be friendly.
A. Some tutors like you to be formal but some don't mind as long as
you do
the work.
B. You only need to be formal in exams, not regular coursework.
C. It's good to be friendly but always use formal English when you
write
assignments.
D. Formal English is too old-fashioned these days
2. Contractions are:
A. what happens when you have a baby
B. when someone says the opposite to you
C. when something is too narrow
D. a shortened form of a word
3. Which example is correct?
A. However, the main reasons are time, money and
cost.
B. However the main reasons, are time, money, and,
cost.
C. However, the main reasons are time money and
cost.
D. However, the main reasons, are time money, and
cost
4. Which is correct?
A. They were effected badly by the incident
B. The incident effected them badly.
C. They were affected badly by the incident.
D. The affects of the incident were bad.
5. Choose the right one:
A. It's bowl's empty.
B. Its bowl's empty.
C. Its' bowls' empty.
D. It's bowls empty.
Directions: Transform the simple sentence into compound or complex sentences.

6. John F. Kennedy was inaugurated into office in January of 1961. He was

assassinated in November of 1963.
A. John F. Kennedy was inaugurated into office in January of 1961, and he was
assassinated in November of 1963.
B. John F. Kennedy was inaugurated into office in January of 1961, but he was
assassinated in November of 1963.
7. I want to lose weight, I eat chocolate daily.

A. I want to lose weight yet, I eat chocolate daily.

B. I want to lose weight and I eat chocolate daily.
C. I want to lose weight while I eat chocolate daily.
D. I want to lose weight because I eat chocolate daily.
8. Bobby was delighted he got the part in the school
play. It was a small one
A. Bobby was delighted he got the part in the school play
and It was a small one.
B. Bobby was delighted he got the part in the school play,
moreover It was a small one.
C. Bobby was delighted he got the part in the school play.
even though It was a small one
9. They spoke to him in French, he responded in English.
A. They spoke to him in French, and he responded in
English.
B. They spoke to him in French, but he responded in
English.
C. They spoke to him in French, until he responded in
English.
10. Let’s go back to the theatre. We watched the ballet.
A. Let’s go back to the theatre where we watched the ballet.
B. Let’s go back to the theatre when we watched the ballet.
C. Let’s go back to the theatre what we watched the ballet.
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of
knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher
education. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by
the university faculties and learned societies to which they
belong and the academic journals in which they publish
research.
Why is academic discipline important?
• Academic discipline is all about having the ability to
control yourself and focus on your work. ... When it
comes to academic success, discipline is one of the most
important skills you can have because it allows you to
set goals and meet them, boosting your confidence and
laying the foundation for further success.
Part of your transition into higher education involves
being aware that each discipline is a distinct discourse
community with specific vocabularies, styles, and
modes of communication.

You will begin your writing apprenticeship in a specific

discipline by studying the formats of published articles
within it. You will look for the following formal aspects
of articles within that discipline and plan to emulate
them in your work:
Discipline Branch Examples

Business Accounting, economics, finance, management,

marketing
Humanities Art, history, languages, literature, music,
philosophy, religion, theater
Natural and Biology, chemistry, computer science,
applied sciences engineering, geology, mathematics, physics,
medicine

Social sciences Anthropology, education, geography, law,

political science, psychology, sociology
Discipline Branch Examples

Business Accounting, economics, finance, management,

marketing
Humanities Art, history, languages, literature, music,
philosophy, religion, theater
Natural and Biology, chemistry, computer science,
applied sciences engineering, geology, mathematics, physics,
medicine

Social sciences Anthropology, education, geography, law,

political science, psychology, sociology
Part of your transition into higher education involves being aware
that each discipline is a distinct discourse community with specific
vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication. You will begin
your writing apprenticeship in a specific discipline by studying the
formats of published articles within it. You will look for the
following formal aspects of articles within that discipline and plan
to emulate them in your work:
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