Descriptive Analytics

Prof. Rajiv Kumar

IIM Kashipur
Business Analytics (1of2)

 Business analytics is the process of collating, sorting, processing, and studying business data, and
using statistical models and iterative methodologies to transform data into business insights.

• Descriptive Analytics
• Predictive Analytics
• Prescriptive Analytics
Business Analytics (2of2)
 Descriptive Analytics
• Techniques that describe past performance and history
• Example: Creating a report that includes charts and graphs that explains data
 Predictive Analytics
• Techniques that extract information from data and use it to predict future trends and identify behavioral
patterns
• Example: Using past sales data to predict future sales data
 Prescriptive Analytics
• Techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take
• Example: Airline using past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing
strategy across all flights allowing the company to maximize revenue.
Business Analytics (2of2)
 Descriptive Analytics
• Techniques that describe past performance and history
• Example: Creating a report that includes charts and graphs that explains data
 Predictive Analytics
• Techniques that extract information from data and use it to predict future trends and identify behavioral
patterns
• Example: Using past sales data to predict future sales data
 Prescriptive Analytics
• Techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take
• Example: Airline using past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing
strategy across all flights allowing the company to maximize revenue.
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)
 Loading the dataset onto a DataFrame
import pandas as pd
ipl_auction_df = pd.read_excel( 'IPL_Data.xlsx’ )

 Display DataFrame

print(ipl_auction_df)

 Displaying first few records of the DataFrame

print(ipl_auction_df.head(5))
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)
 Finding metadata of the DataFrame
list(ipl_auction_df)

 Transpose DataFrame
ipl_auction_df.transpose()

 Dimension of DataFrame
ipl_auction_df.shape

 Finding Summary of the DataFrame

 ipl_auction_df.info()
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)

Slicing and Indexing a dataframe

 Selecting Rows by Indexes
ipl_auction_df[0:5] #First five rows
ipl_auction_df[-5:] #Last five rows

 Selecting Columns by Column Names

ipl_auction_df['PLAYER NAME'][0:5] #Select “PLAYER NAME”
ipl_auction_df[['PLAYER NAME', 'COUNTRY']][0:5] #Select “PLAYER NAME”

 Selecting Rows and Columns by indexes

ipl_auction_df.iloc[4:9, 1:4]
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)

Value Counts and Cross Tabulations

 Finding Unique Occurances of Values in Columns
ipl_auction_df.COUNTRY.value_counts()

 Cross-tabulation between two columns

pd.crosstab(ipl_auction_df['AGE'], ipl_auction_df['PLAYING ROLE'])

 Sorting dataframe by column values( ipl_auction_df['AGE'], ipl_auction_df['PLAYING ROLE’])

ipl_auction_df[['PLAYER NAME', 'SOLD PRICE']].sort_values('SOLD PRICE')[0:5]
ipl_auction_df[['PLAYER NAME', 'SOLD PRICE']].sort_values('SOLD PRICE', ascending = False)[0:5]
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)

Grouping and Aggregating

 What is the average SOLD PRICE for each age category?
ipl_auction_df.groupby('AGE')['SOLD PRICE'].mean()
 Filtering Records from Dataframe based on conditions
#Which players have hit more then 80 sixes in the IPL tournament so far?
ipl_auction_df[ipl_auction_df['SIXERS'] > 80 ][['PLAYER NAME', 'SIXERS']]
‘
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)
 Calculate Max of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].max())
 Calculate Min of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].min())
 Calculate Mean of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].mean())
 Calculate Mode of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].mode())
 Calculate Median of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].median())
 Calculate Standard Deviation of “SOLD PRICE”
print(ipl_auction_df['SOLD PRICE'].std())
Example. IPL Auction Data Set (IPL_Data.xlsx)
 Calculate correlation
#correlation between 'AVE', 'SIXERS', 'SOLD PRICE'
ipl_auction_df[['AVE', 'SOLD PRICE']].corr()

#correlation between 'SR-B', 'AVE', 'SIXERS', 'SOLD PRICE'

ipl_auction_df[['SR-B', 'AVE', 'SIXERS', 'SOLD PRICE']].corr()