DYEING

Machine Settings
&
Parameters
 Control parameters
1.Liquor ratio by analogue control or
electromagnetic flow meter
2. Time/temperature profile
3. pH measurement, monitoring and adjustment
using retractable electrode
4. Rate of change of pH
5. Liquor flow rate
6.Addition time and profile for dyes, auxiliaries
and chemicals
 Function Requirement

Machine fill Actuated valve and level sensor

Raise to initial temperature at rapid rate of rise Actuated steam valve and temperature sensor

Circulate material or liquor Controlled electric motor or pump

Holding time at top temperature Actuated valve

Controlled cooling ramp Actuated valve on cooling water

Drain Actuated valve on drain

 Parameter Setting

80%,(min 70%
Pump efficiency (in –out)
req.)

85%(min 80%
Pump efficiency (out-in)
req.)
 Production Parameters

Process Temp(▫C) P(bar) pH Time min M : L ratio

Scouring - Bleaching 98 10.5 10.5-11 30 1:08

Enzyme Wash 55 5 4.5-5 30 1:08

Reactive Dyeing (Light Shade) 60 10.5 10-10.5 60 1:08

Reactive Dyeing (Dark Shade) 60 10.5 10.5-11.5 60 1:08

White Shade 98 10.5-11.5 30 1:08

Polyester dyeing 130 4.5-5.5 4-4.5 45 1:08

Kevlar+NOMEX and Acrylics 130 6-6.5 3.5-4 60 1:08

 Stage wise pH of Yarns

For For Aramids and

In-stage Processes
(Cotton,CVC,PC) Acrylics

Bleaching bath pH 10.5 – 11 not applicable

Neutralization or after
5.5 – 6.5 not applicable
bleaching pH

Initial dye bath pH 5.5-6.5 3-3.5

After alkali addition pH 10.5-11 not applicable

After dyeing pH 5.0-6.0 4-4.5

Fixation bath pH 4.5 – 5.5 not applicable

Softener bath pH 4.0-4.5 4-4.5

 Water Ratio of Sample : (M:L)

PROCESS RATIO (M:L)

Scouring 1:06

P.T. hot 1:08

Only wash 1:05

Acid+ Enzyme 1:05

Enzyme hot 1:05

Normal hot 1:06

Acid 1:05

Fixing 1:05

Softener 1:05
 Temperature (*c)

For cotton Pretreatment 98 C

Cotton, Dyeing 60C

During Isothermal 60C

White dyeing 110 C

For Polyester Dyeing 130C

For Aramid Dyeing(Kevlar, NOMEX) and acrylic yarn 130C

soaping 98C

softening & fixing 40C

For Kevlar,Nomex hot wash (100)C

For(Kevlar,Nomex) acid wash (100)C

 Amount Of Salt , Alkali & Fixation time On The Basis Of Shade%:

Shade % Salt(g/l) Alkali(g/l) Fixing time(min)

0-0.1 30 10 20

0.1-0.5 30 15 30

0.5-01 40 20 40

1-1.5 50 20 50

1.51-2 60 20 60

2-2.5 70 20 60

2.5-5 80 20 60

Above 6 100 10+0.5 NaOH 70

Black shade 100 10+0.5g/l NaOH 70

 Calculations
 Required Dye= Shade % X Lot Weight in Kg

 Required Chemicals = g/l required x total

Liquor/1000