DAMP PROOFING AND

WATER PROOFING
SUBMITTED TO-AR AMANDEEP GUPTA SUBMITTED BY-SAHIL CHAUDHARY
- AR KARAN ROLL NO-24
 COMPARISON

WATER PROOFING DAMP PROOFING

Protection to prevent water entering Treatment to a surface to resist the
in internal and external passage of water in areas like

building structures like toilets, foundations, exterior walls, metal

swimming pools, water tanks, surfaces, metal staircases etc.

retaining walls, roofs etc.

 WHAT IS DAMP PROOFING?
• A dampness a common
problemm in buildings.

• IT refers ACcess and

penetration of moisture content
into buildings through its

walls,floors, roof etc.

It is important to take measures to prevent dampness.
Such measures is called damp proofing.

• Water proofing is a treatment of the surface or structure in

a building to prevent leakage.
SOURCES OF DAMPNESS

GEOLOGICAL CAUSES STRUCTURAL CAUSES

Rain penetration • Water introduced in structure
Ground moisture rise • during construction.
Atmosphere moisture Defective construction.
Drainage of site
• Orientation of Building
 EFFECTS OF DAMPNESS
Ugly patches on walls and ceilings.

Plaster softens and crumbles.

Materials used for wall decorations are damaged.

Stones ,bricks and tiles disintegrate due to efflorescence.

Floor finishing may be damaged

Woodworks decays due to dry rot.

Metal components of building corrodes.

Electrical fittings are damaged.

• Dampness leads to breeding of mosquitoes, growth of termites and germs.
METHODS OF DAMP PROOFING

Membrane damp proofing.

Integral Damp Proofing

Surface Treatment
• Cavity wall construction
• Guniting
• Pressure Guniting
 USE OF DAMP PROOFING COURSES
OR MEMBRANES
These are the layers or membranes of water
repellent material such as bituminous felts,
mastic asphalts, plastic sheets,cement
concrete, mortar, metal sheets
• Basically D.P.C is provided to prevent the
water rising from the sub soil and getting
into the different part of the buildings.
CAVITY WALL

• A cavity wall consist of two parallel walls/leaves/skins of masonry, separated by a continuous air
space/cavity.They consists of three partS:

• Out wall/eaflexterior wall part 10 cm thick)

• Cavity/air space(5cm-8cm)
• Inner wall/eaf(minimum 10 cm thick)
• The two leaves forming a cavity in between may be of equal thickness or may not be Provision of
continuous cavity in the wall efficiently prevents the transmission of dampness from outer to
inner wall.

• Under climatic conditions of India (hot-dry/hot-humid), cavity type construction is most desirable as it
offers many advantages such as better living and comfort conditions, economic construction and
preservation of buildings against dampness.
PRESSURE GROUTING

• In this method, cement grout is filled in

• cracks, voids in the structure of building by
pressure.
• Foundation of building are subjected to
grouting to make water-penetration-resistant.
This method is effective to control entry of
ground water through foundations
 TREATMENT’

& MATERIAL
TREATMENT FOR FLOOR

if there is no damp soil, a layer of coarse sand,75-100mm thick is provided over entire area
under theflooring. Then 1:4:8 concrete of 100mm thickness islaid. This layer serves as DPC.
Then usual flooring isprovided over this,
If soil is wet, a membrane DPC is provided
Over thefloor area, overwhichExternal wall
layer of flat bricks Flooringis laid.
The usual flooring isthen provided.
TREATMENT OF WALLS

• The plinth level should

preferably be 45omm above
ground levelDPC should be
provided over a concrete
bed of thickness 100-
200mm.the top of the
parapet should be provided
with capping over the DPC.
The wall also needs DPC at
the edge ofthe roof slab.
TREATMENT OF FOUNDATIONS
• this is method of protecting

• foundations of outer walls. An air drain is

• constructed parallel to the

wall.

• The drain is covered with

• RCC slab, and gratings are

• provided at regular intervals,

• horizontal and vertical damp

proof courses are also provided.
TREATMENT OF BASEMENT

• Providing foundation drains and DPC:-

• to release hydrostatic pressure, trenches are made all
around the building
• and filled with gravels etc. Such trenches also be
required in buildings
• if the water table is at a higher level. The trenches lead
the water to a
• catch drain. Horizontal and
• vertical DPCs are provided in
 PROVIDING RCC RAFT AND WALL SLAB

If the water pressure is high,

providing a drainage system
will not solve the

problem effectively. In such

cases the floor slab and wall
may be prepared
• right through the RCC
structure and DPC is applied
on it.
 Impervious.
MATERIALS FOR
DAMP PROOFING Durable

Requirements of ideal Capable of bearing the load

materials for damp Dimensionally stable

proofing:- Flexible

Free from sulphates, chlorides and nitrates.

• Inexpensive
MATERIAL Hot bitumen:-This is highly flexible material,
which can be applied with a minimum
thickness of 3 mm. It is placed on the bedding
of concrete or mortar, while in hot condition.
• Mastic asphalt:-Mastic-asphalt is semi-
rigid material which is quite durable and
completely impervious. It is obtained by
heating asphalt with sand and mineral
fillers.However, it should be laid very
carefully by experienced persons.
MATERIAL
Bricks:- Special bricks, having water absorption
not less than 4.5% of their weight may be used
as DPC in locations where dampness is not
excessive.
Stones:-Dense and sound stones, such as
granite, trap, slates,etc. Are laid in CM in two
courses to form effective DPC
• Mortar:- CM (1:3) is used as bedding layer
for housing other DPC materials.
Cement concrete:- Cement concrete 1:2:4 or
1:1.5:3 is generally provided at plinth level to
work as DPC. The thickness may varyfrom 4 to
15 cm. Such a layer can effectively check the
water rise due to capillary action.
• Plastic sheets:- This is relatively new type of
DPC material, made upfrom black polythene,
0.5 to 1 mm thick in usual walling width and
roll length of 30 m. The treatment is cheaper but
not permanent.
WATER
PROOFING
COMMON WATER DAMAGE PROBLEMS

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete

Blistering of paint
Dampness on walls, roofs & Floors
• Leakage in water tanks
BENEFITS OF WATERPROOFING

Increased durability of concrete structures

Reduce chemical attack
Cost reduction in maintenance
• Prevents growth of dangerous mold
TYPES OF WATERPROOFING

• Below Grade Waterproofing.

• Materials that prevent water under hydrostatic pressure and are not exposed to
weathering.
• Above Grade Waterproofing.
• Material systems that prevents water intrusion under hydrostatic pressure and
are subjected to weathering and pollutants.
• Roof Waterproofing
Material systems that prevents water intrusion into horizontal and inclined
elevation.
Waterproofing of Water Retaining Structures
Material systems that prevents water intrusion into horizontal and inclined elevation.
AREAS OF BELOW GRADE
WATERPROOFING

Basements

Foundations / Retaining Walls

Below Slabs / Between Slabs

Lift pits
• Underground Car Parks
WATER PROOFING AREAS

1.WC

2.Bathrooms

3. Terrace

4.Roofs and Chejjas

5.Basement, swimming pools, underground ducts.

6. Under ground and overhead water tanks.

Water-proofing maintains the appearance of the building

and increases the life of the structure.
TYPES OF WATERPROOFING

Cementitious Waterproofing

Liquid Waterproofing Membrane

Bituminous Membrane

Bituminous Coating
• Polyurethane Liquid Membrane
 • Water Treatment Plants
CEMENTITIOUS
WATERPROOFING • Sewage Treatment Plants
METHOD • Bridges
• Dams
Applications of • Railway & Subway Systems
Cementitious • Marine Cargo Ports & Docks
• River Locks/Channels
Waterproofing
• Concrete Dykes
• Parking Structures & Lots
• Tunnels
Spray Waterproofing Sheet membrane Waterproofing Cavity wall Waterproofing

Surface applied Hot rubber

coating Waterproofing
THANK YOU