DEVELOPMENT OF

ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Project by Arshiya Singhal
Class –VI-A
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ?
 According to the
father of Artificial
Intelligence, John
McCarthy, it is “The
science and
engineering of
making intelligent
machines, especially
intelligent computer
programs”.
 PHILOSOPHY OF AI
 While exploiting the power of the
computer systems, the curiosity of
human, lead him to wonder, “Can a
machine think and behave like
humans do?”
 Thus, the development of AI started
with the intention of creating similar
intelligence in machines that we
find and regard high in humans
 GOALS OF AI
 To Create Expert Systems − The
systems which exhibit intelligent
behavior, learn, demonstrate,
explain, and advice its users.
 To Implement Human Intelligence
in Machines − Creating systems
that understand, think, learn, and
behave like humans.
 APPLICATIONS OF AI
 AI has been dominant in various fields such as −
 Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games
such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc., where
machine can think of large number of possible
positions based on heuristic knowledge.
 Natural Language Processing − It is possible to
interact with the computer that understands
natural language spoken by humans.
 Expert Systems − There are some applications
which integrate machine, software, and special
information to impart reasoning and advising.
They provide explanation and advice to the users.
THE HISTORY OF AI
 THE HISTORY OF AI
 The beginnings of modern AI can be traced to classical
philosophers' attempts to describe human thinking as a
symbolic system. But the field of AI wasn't formally
founded until 1956, at a conference at Dartmouth
College, in Hanover, New Hampshire, where the term "
artificial intelligence" was coined.
 MIT cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky and others who
attended the conference were extremely optimistic
about AI's future. "Within a generation [...] the
problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will
substantially be solved," Minsky is quoted as saying in
the book "AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial
Intelligence" (Basic Books, 1994). [
Super-Intelligent Machines: 7 Robotic Futures].
 HISTORY OF AI
 But achieving an artificially intelligent being wasn't so
simple. After several reports criticizing progress in AI,
government funding and interest in the field dropped
off – a period from 1974–80 that became known as
the "AI winter." The field later revived in the 1980s
when the British government started funding it again
in part to compete with efforts by the Japanese.
 The field experienced another major winter from
1987 to 1993, coinciding with the collapse of the
market for some of the early general-purpose
computers, and reduced government funding.
 HISTORY OF AI
 But research began to pick up again after
that, and in 1997, IBM's Deep Blue became
the first computer to beat a chess
champion when it defeated Russian
grandmaster Garry Kasparov. And in 2011,
the computer giant's question-answering
system 
Watson won the quiz show "Jeopardy!" by
beating reigning champions Brad Rutter
and Ken Jennings.
SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
IN AI
 AI Robots Learning Through Observation.
 AI Robot Caregivers Are Filling a Shortfall.
 AI-Based Cyber security.
 AI Diagnostics for X-Rays.
 AI in Smartphone Apps.
 AI is able to reduce financial institution’s
operation processing times.
 Artificial Intelligence in FinTech.
 AI and vaccine development.
  Fully automated driving and the rollout of
robotaxis.