Intended Learning Outcomes:

After the completion of the chapter, students should be

able to:
Define a Moral Dilemma;
Be able to give types of Moral Dilemmas;
Be able to give the levels of Moral
Dilemma/Judgment
Dilemma and Foundation
of Morality
Chapter II
 A dilemma is a difficult situation in which an
individual is confronted to choose between two
or more alternative actions to resolve the
problem.

Torn between “Mahal kita” and “Ang sakit na”

 Types of Dilemma
Classic Dilemma
(Different criteria, same behaviour)
There are conflicting criteria for the
same behaviour. While the blend may
be difficult, it is essential. Each Side of
Order
the dilemma is valuable only because of
the other side. Attempts to live only vs.
under one side of the dilemma are
fatally flawed. Freedom
 Temporal Dilemma
(Same process, different criteria
applied at a different time)

Speed
A special case of a classic dilemma
occurs with an activity which is
complex enough to be a work process

vs. or a project. Often there are criteria

dominant in the early part of the
process that conflict with criteria that

Accuracy become dominant in the early part of

the process that conflict criteria that
become dominant in a later point.
Orthogonal Dilemma
(Different behaviours, different Service
criteria)
There are two different sets of
behaviours that seem diametrically
orientation
opposed. They generate different
cultures, different structures, different vs.
staffing. While there may be a hybrid
that is preferable, the blending is
optional; a company could be viable
Product
exploiting just one half of the
dilemma. orientation
 Sequential Dilemma
(Different behaviour, different

Work times)
Different behaviours which
conflict with each other, but the
vs. most likely solution is to sequence
them appropriately; the tension in
the dilemma eventually becomes
Home one of relative emphasis, timing,
and transitioning.
Unequal Dilemma
(The dilemma is split across
unequal status)
Sometimes a person in authority
High growth
will assert one side of a dilemma. For
example CEO announces that the vs.
company will commit to high growth
rates, severe cost cutting, or product
innovation. And he or she ignores the
Organization
corresponding position that defines a
dilemma. integrity
 What is MORAL DILEMMA?
A moral dilemma is defines as any situation in
which the person making the decision experiences
a conflict between the moral rightness of a
decision and the quality of the produces.
Types of Dilemma:
Personal Dilemma
These are situations in which an
individual has a choice to be made
between two options, neither of which
resolves the situation in an ethically
acceptable fashion. In such cases,
personal ethical guidelines can provide
no satisfactory outcome for the
chooser.
Organizational Dilemma
Organizational ethics are the
principals and standards by
which businesses operate,
according to Reference for
Business. They are best
demonstrated through act of
fairness, compassion, integrity,
honor and responsibility.
Systematic Dilemma
The process of systematic
moral analysis is predicted on
moral rule violations, which result
in harm to another person or
persons. This refers to the
conformity and compliance of
each member to the expected code
of conduct to be manifested in the
agency/workplace.
FOUNDATION OF MORALITY
Freedom As Requisite On Moral Responsibility

The right to freedom is very fundamental to every nation as it

is the heart of every democratic ideal, as much as it is also
inherent to every human. The right to freedom could be
considered as the right of all rights, the source from which all
other rights emanate from. In that case, once human can
exercise free will, human will then have freedom to invoke and
enjoy those rights.
FOUNDATION OF MORALITY
Freedom As Requisite On Moral Responsibility
• The right to freedom could be considered as the right of all rights, the
source from which all other rights emanate from.

REASON AND IMPARTIALITY: REQUISITES FOR MORALITY

• Reason enables us to think and reflect over actions that we intend to
do and decide which of them to take.
• Impartiality is a principle of justice holding that decisions or
judgement on something or someone should be objective not on the
basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.