Moral agent
Culture
“Moral agent and culture”
“Dilemma and foundation of
morality”
“Framework for ethical decision
making”
“Asian moral character/
Behavior”
“The Moral Agent: Developing
Virtue as Habit”
• Taylor: “Culture is the complex whole
which includes knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, customs, and habits and
any capabilities acquired by man as a
member of society”.
• Linton: “ Culture is social heredity,
which is transmitted from one
generation to another with the
accumulation of individual
experiences”.
• John Beattee: Culture is the way of
life which is transmitted from
generation to generation”.
dilemma
Dilemma TYPES OF DILEMMA
Classic dilemmas- Different criteria, same
behavior. There are conflicting criteria for
the same behavior. While the blend may be
A situation in which a difficult. it is essential. Each side of the
dilemma is valuable only because of the other
person is forced to side.
choose between two (or Temporal Dilemma- Same process, different
criteria applied at a different time A special
more) conflicting case of a classic dilemma occurs with an
activity that is complex enough to be a work
options, neither of which process or a project. Often there are criteria
dominant in the early part of the process that
is acceptable. conflict with criteria that become dominant at
a later point.
TYPES OF DILEMMA
Orthogonal dilemmas- Different behaviors
and criteria There are two sets of behaviors
that seem opposed. They generate different
cultures, different structures, and different
staffing. While there may be a preferable
hybrid, the blending is optional; a company
could be viable by exploiting just one-half of
the dilemma.
Sequential dilemmas- Different behaviors,
different times. Different behaviors conflict
with each other, but the most likely solution is
to sequence. the dilemma eventually becomes
one of relative emphasis, timing, and
transitioning.
dilemma/ framework
SUMMARY
Moral dilemmas are helpful for
individuals to interrogate who they really
are as individuals. It helps them in
making choices that they consider
correct even when others deem them as
incorrect. Morality refers to the set of the
standards that enable people to live
cooperatively in groups. It's what
societies determine to be “right” and
“acceptable.” Sometimes, acting in a
moral manner means individuals must
sacrifice their own short-term interests to
benefit society.
Ethical Decision
Ethical Decision Making is a
cognitive process where people
consider ethical rules, principles, or
guidelines when making decisions.
Ethical Dilemma
Ethical Dilemma is a situation with
uncertainty about what is right to do
from a moral or ethical perspective.
The Framework Overview
1. Awareness of an ethical
issue.
2. Collate the evidence available
regarding the issue.
3. Make an assessment of
alternative action.
4. Test your decision.
5. Make an action and mull
over the result.
Moral agent
Moral subject Moral Community in Ethics
It does not mean a community
of people who act morally or
 Human ethically. This could be a
meaning of the term, but it is
 Animals not the meaning used here. In
ethics, one’s moral community
 Art consists of all those beings that
one holds in moral regard.
 Environment
Danzalan, Jeremy A.
BSIT-2A
Summary of the Moral Agent
Moral agents are those agents
expected to meet the demands of
morality. Not all agents are moral
agents. Agents can obey moral laws
such as ‘Murder is wrong’ or
‘Stealing is wrong, then they are
moral agents, even if they respond
only to prudential reasons such as
fear of punishment and even if they
are incapable of acting for the sake of
moral considerations.
framework/behavior

Conclusions: "Just in any continent,

A framework for ethical Asia as well possesses a
decision-making provides distinct moral/ethical
valuable information on behavioral that makes
Recognizing an Ethical us unique in our culture,
Issue; Getting the Facts; dealing with socio-
Evaluating Alternative political-cultural
Actions; and Making and
difficulties".
Testing a Decision.

Ethics
behavior

Buddhism’s five basic FILIPINO MORAL SUMMARY

moral prohibitions CHARACTER
 Refrain from taking life. Friendly, outgoing, sensitive, easily
 Don’t steal. offended, nosy, garrulous, direct,
hospitable, feisty, good-natured,
 Avoid illicit sexual
clever, witty, gregarious, happy,
activity. generous, easy to laugh, gracious,
 Don’t speak falsely. easy to befriend, casual, fun-loving,
 Refrain from sensitive, and hospitable.
consuming inebriating Filipinos as “the easiest people in
substances. Asia to get along with.”
Filipino basic values shape how
they act in each scenario. The
Philippines is known for its
"collectivist" culture, which is
characterized by deep family
connections and communal bonds
in society. Filipino values are
centered on maintaining social
peace and are driven mostly by a
desire to be accepted within a
community.
behavior/developing

VIRTUE AND ITS

FORMULATION
FILIPINO POSITIVE FILIPINO NEGATIVE
Human beings are aware of
VALUES VALUES various moral values of which
HOSPITABILITY FATALISM they have the option to practice.
FAITHFULNESS CRAB MENTALITY For the Greek wisdom,
knowledge is inborn, while
RESPECTFUL FILIPINO TIME virtue is the knowledge and
GRATEFULNESS PROCRASTINATION practice of good habit, virtue is
likewise a natural endowment.
BRAVERY GOSSIPING
DEVELOPING

Moral character and its FOUR CARDINAL Moral development

formulation VIRTUES Moral development occurs as
we grow and help us choose
The conviction that between right and wrong.
ethics is fundamentally It is also a process through
related to what kind of
PRUDENCE which we develop proper
persons we are. JUSTICE attitudes and behaviors towards
other people in society based on
TEMPERANCE the existing norms, rules, or
laws.
FORTITUDE