SWITCHING

Routing Protocols and Concepts

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VLAN
Creating VLANs
Manually

S1# configure terminal

S1(config)# vlan 10
S1(config-vlan)# name HR
S1(config-vlan)# exit
S1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/2
S1(config-if)# switchport mode access
S1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10

 Ports on a switch are manually assigned (CLI) to a VLAN.

 If you assign an interface to a VLAN that does not exist, the new VLAN is created for
you.

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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
 VLAN Trunking

 VLAN Tagging is used when a link needs to carry traffic for more than one
VLAN.
 Trunk link: As packets are received by the switch from any attached end-
station device, a unique packet identifier is added within each header.
 This header information designates the VLAN membership of each packet.
 VLAN Trunking
ISL 802.1Q

Proprietary Nonproprietary

Encapsulated Tagged

Protocol independent Protocol dependent

Encapsulates the old Adds a field to
frame in a new frame the frame header

 There are two types of VLAN Tagging:

–ISL (Inter-Switch Link) – Cisco Proprietary
–IEEE 802.1Q
 802.1Q is recommended by Cisco and is used with multi-vendor
switches.
 Caution: Some older Cisco switches will only do ISL while some new
Cisco switches will only do 802.1Q.
VLAN Trunking

802.1Q 802.1Q

SwitchA(config-if)switchport mode trunk

SwitchB(config-if)switchport mode trunk

 VLAN

 VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is a Layer 2 protocol that maintains VLAN

configuration consistency by managing the additions, deletions, and name
changes of VLANs across networks.
 An early step towards network automation.
 Not without its detractors.
 Switches transmit VTP messages only on 802.1Q.
 Step 1. An administrator adds a new VLAN definition on the VTP server.
 Step 2. VTP propagates the VLAN information to all VTP switches in the
VTP domain.
 Step 3. Each VTP client switch synchronizes its configuration to
incorporate the new VLAN data.
 VTP Modes

 Server mode is the default

 In VTP Version 3, there is a concept of a primary server and a secondary server. VTP
Version 3 is not within the scope
 Extended VLANs (1006-4094) require the switch to be in VTP Transparent mode