A N

I T I
EL
EN
P
A N IF
A P AT
H IT
TA ALA H 3
KU L IU
K
TAHAPAN UMUM PENELITIAN KUALITATIF

Mengumpulkan Data
Mengangkat
Memunculkan Relevan
Permasalahan
Pertanyaan Penelitian (Kata, Kalimat,
(unik,khas,daya tarik,
(Sebagai Spirit) Pernyataan, uraian
spesifik)
mendalam)

Melakukan Analisis Data

( Berdasarkan kepekaan,
Menjawab Pertanyaan
kemampuan dan
Penelitian
ketajaman analisis
peneliti)
TAHAPAN MENURUT MARSHALL & ROSHMAN
(1995)...1

1
Introduction
2
Problem and significane
Research Design
3
Focus and Reseach Question
Overall Strategy and Rational
Limitation of The Study (Pilot Study) Data Collection Methods
Focussing on The Specific Participation in the setting
Setting, Popolation and Direct Observation
Phenomenon In-dept Interviewing
Sampling People,behaviour, Document Review
events and Process
Issues entry, reciprocity,
personal biography and ethics
TAHAPAN MENURUT MARSHALL & ROSHMAN
(1995)...2

4
5
Recording,Managing and Analyzing
data resources for the Study
The Value and Logic of Qualitative
Time Line Research
Level of data collection
Personnel needed Criteria of Soundness
Resouces Needed
CRESSWELL (1994)

Introduction
Statement The Problem
Purpose of Study
The Grand tour Question and sub
question
Definition
Delimitations and Limitatitions
Significance of The Study
Procedure
Assumption and Rationale for
Quantitative design
The Type of design used
The Role of The Researcher
Data Collection Procedure
Methods of Verification
Outcome of the study and its
relations to The Theory and
Literature
MAXWELL (1996)

Research
Abstract Introduction
Contex

Research Research
Validity
Question Methods

Inplication Reference
Preliminary
(Or and
Results
Conclusions) Appendixes
BUNGIN (2001)

Analisis Data
Rancangan analisis data
Rancangan Pembahasan
(diskusi Hasil Penelitian)
Metode Penelitian
Populasi/sasaran penelitian
Sampel dan teknis
Pendahuluan sampling
Metode Pengumpulan data
Judul Penelitian
Metode Analisis Data
Latar Belakang Masalah
Masalah Penelitian
Tujuan Penelitian
Tinjauan Pusataka/Teori
dan kesimpulan teori uang
digunakan
Hipotesis (kalau
diperlukan)
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
1) Decide on a question you want to study. A good research question needs to be
clear, specific and achievable. To do qualitative research, your question should
explore reasons for why people do things or believe in something.
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
2) Do a background literature review. A literature review can help you find out
what others have found about your question. Doing this may help you to focus
your question more specifically. A literature review will also help you to become
better informed about the topic you are choosing and help you to determine if
there is a need for your question to be answered.
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
3) Choose a qualitative research methodology you want to use.
 Ethnography – Ethnography is the study of human interaction and communities through direct
participation and observation within the community you wish to study.
 Phenomenology – Phenomenology is the study of the subjective experiences of others. It researches
the world through the eyes of another person by discovering how they interpret their experiences.
 Grounded Theory – The purpose of grounded theory is to develop theory based on the data
collected. It looks at specific information and derives theories and reasons for the phenomena.
 Case Study Research – This method of qualitative study is an in-depth study a specific individual
or phenomena in its existing context.
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
4) Collect your data. There are several methods of collecting data that you can use to do qualitative research.
a) Direct observation – Direct observation of a situation or your research subjects can occur through
video tape playback or through live observation through a one way mirror. In direct observation, you
are making specific observations of a situation without influencing or participating in any way.
b) Participant observation – Participant observation is the immersion of the researcher in the community
or situation being studied. This form of data collection tends to be more time consuming, as you need
to participate fully in the community in order to know whether your observations are valid.
c) Interviews – Unstructured interviews with research subjects is a form of data collection in which you
allow your respondents to answer freely. The interviewer can probe and explore topics as they come
up.
d) Surveys – Written questionnaires and open ended surveys about ideas, perceptions and thoughts is
another way in which you can collect data for your qualitative research.
e) Focus groups – Structured or unstructured focus groups allows for interaction between more
participants and the interviewer about your topic. This form of data collection can be efficient as it
involves more than one respondent at a time.
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
5) Analyze your data. Once you have collected your data, you can begin to analyze it
and come up with answers and theories to your research question.
a) Coding – Identify themes, ideas and patterns in your data
b) Statistics – You can analyze your data using statistics. Descriptive statistics simply
describe what the data is showing while inferential statistics tries to formulate
conclusions beyond the data.
c) Narrative analysis – Narrative analysis focuses on speech and content, such as
grammar, word usage, story themes, meanings of situations, the social, cultural and
political context of the narrative.
d) Content analysis – Content analysis looks at texts or series of texts and looks for
themes and meanings by looking at frequencies of words.
HOW TO DO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
6) Prepare your report. When preparing the report on your qualitative research,
keep in mind the audience for whom you are writing and also the formatting
guidelines of the research journal you wish to submit your research to. You will
want to make sure that your purpose for your research question is compelling
and that you explain your research methodology and analysis in detail.