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    Dattaraya Gaonkar
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    The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its internal memory, and provides results as output. It contains registers, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and logic for fetching and executing instructions. The microprocessor communicates with external memory and input/output devices using a system bus consisting of address, data, and control lines. Microcontrollers integrate the components of a computer system onto a single chip and are intended for low to moderate processing power systems that require a dedicated function.

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    Introduction to microprocessor based system

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    Lecture -1

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    The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its internal memory, and provides results as output. It contains registers, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and logic for fetching and executing instructions. The microprocessor communicates with external memory and input/output devices using a system bus consisting of address, data, and control lines. Microcontrollers integrate the components of a computer system onto a single chip and are intended for low to moderate processing power systems that require a dedicated function.

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    9 views5 pages

    Lecture - 1

    Uploaded by

    Dattaraya Gaonkar
    The microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its internal memory, and provides results as output. It contains registers, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and logic for fetching and executing instructions. The microprocessor communicates with external memory and input/output devices using a system bus consisting of address, data, and control lines. Microcontrollers integrate the components of a computer system onto a single chip and are intended for low to moderate processing power systems that require a dedicated function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Microprocessors

    EE-360 ( 3-1-0)4
    Microprocessor based system • MPU (CPU)
    • Read instructions
    • Process binary data

    The microprocessor is a multipurpose,


    programmable device that accepts digital data as
    input, processes it according to instructions stored Modern P
    in its memory, and provides results as output. It is Registers, ,ALU, Fetch,Exe
    an example of sequential digital logic, as it has Logic,Bus logic,Cache Memory
    internal memory. Microprocessors operate on
    numbers and symbols represented in the binary
    numeral system
    • The MPU communicates with Memory
    and I/O using the System Bus
    • Address bus
    Microcontrollers integrate all of the • Unidirectional
    components (control, memory, I/O) of • Memory and I/O Addresses
    a computer system into one integrated • Data bus
    circuit. Microcontrollers are intended • Bidirectional
    to be single chip solutions for systems • Transfers Binary Data and Instructions
    requiring low to moderate processing • Control lines
    power. • Read and Write timing signals
    • What is Embedded System?
    – An embedded system is closely integrated with the main
    system
    – It may not interact directly with the environment
    – For example – A microcomputer in a car ignition control

     An embedded product uses a microprocessor


    or microcontroller to do one task only
     There is only one application software that is
     typically burned into ROM

    • Keyboard • Lets consider what architectural features would be needed in


    • Printer a microcontroller.
    • video game player • What are the expected applications?
    • MP3 music players – Sensing the environment (Input)
    • Embedded memories to keep – Producing a response (Output)
    configuration information – The response may be delayed (Timer/Counter)
    • Mobile phone units – Prioritized response (Interrupts)
    • Domestic (home) appliances – Software to control the process (Non-volatile Memory)
    • Data switches
    •
    – Temporary data (RAM)
    Automotive controls
    Computer Architecture VS Computer Organization

    Computer Architecture Computer Organization

    It acts as the interface between hardware and software. It deals with the components of a connection in a system.

    Computer Architecture helps us to understand the Computer Organization tells us how exactly all the units in
    functionalities of a system. the system are arranged and interconnected.

    A programmer can view architecture in terms of Whereas Organization expresses the realization of
    instructions, addressing modes and registers. architecture.

    While designing a computer system architecture is An organization is done on the basis of architecture.
    considered first.

    Computer Architecture deals with high-level design Computer Organization deals with low-level design issues.
    issues.

    Architecture involves Logic (Instruction sets, Organization involves Physical Components (Circuit
    Addressing modes, Data types, Cache optimization) design, Adders, Signals, Peripherals)

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