CHAPTER 12 :

COORDINATION &
RESPONSE IN HUMANS
 SUCCESS CRITERIA
By the end of this lesson student will be able to:
1. Make a sequence and describe components in human coordination
2. State the necessity to respond to external and internal stimuli
3. Explain the functions of parts of in the central nervous system related to
coordination and response.
4. Label structures of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone
5. Analyse the functions of each type of neurone in impulse transmission
6. Explain the structure and function of synapse
7. Explain the transmission of impulse across a synapse
8. Describe voluntary and involuntary actions
10. Describe the reflex actions
11. Identify the endocrine glands in humans
12.1 Coordination & Response
Coordination : The ability to use different parts of the body
together smoothly and efficiently.

Response : The way organisms react after detecting stimulus

The main component of body coordination & response involve:

1. Stimulus (external, internal)
2. Receptor (to detect the stimulus)
3. Integration centre (to interpret response - brain & spinal cord)
4. Effector (the body part that respond -muscle)
Main component and pathways involved in detecting responding to changes
in the external environment

INTEGRATION CENTRE

RECEPTOR
STIMULUS

EFFECTOR
Main component
and pathways
involved in
detecting
responding to
changes in the
internal
environment
 The changes in the
For the climate – motivates
survival of the animals to look for
organisms new shelters

The necessities of response

The information To decrease

can be To adapt to
the changes in
transmitted to temperature
the integration the
back to its environment
center normal range
12.2 Nervous system
The organisation of the human nervous system
 The human brain
• The largest & most complex
structure Cerebrum
• The centre that control
emotions
• Receive information
• Responsible for higher mental
Cerebellum
abilities • Maintains body balance and
coordination
Hypothalamus
• Coordinating homeostasis
• The control centre that
regulates: body temperature,
water balance, blood
pressure, senses hunger,
thirst and fatigue.
• Control
• Controls the secretion of a
few types of pituitary gland
Medulla Oblongata involuntary
actions
Pituitari gland
• Control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands
Spinal cord

(a) process a few

types of sensory
information and to
send responses
through the motor
neurones
(b) control reflex
action
(c) connect the brain
with the peripheral
nervous system
12.3 Neurones & Synapse
 The basic structure of the neurone

1. Dendrites
• Receive nerve impulses from
other neurones 3. Axon
• Send them to the cell body
• Carries impulses out of the cell
2. Cell body body
• Integrate signals

4. Myelin sheath
• Protect neurone from injury
5.Node of Ranvier
• Accelerate the flow of impulse
6. Synaptic knob
• Send signal to the muscle cell
 Types of neurone

Relay neurone
• Connect sensory
neurone to the motor
neurone

A
Motor neurone
• Receive nerve impulse from relay
neurone
• Send nerve impulse to effector

• Carries nerve impulse

Sensory neurone from receptors 
central nervous system
C
 Synapse and the transmission of impulses across synapse
Synapse
• a narrow gap called synapse that separates the synaptic knob from neurone dendrites that
receive the impulses.
• allow nerve impulses to travel in one direction.

Electric impulse reach the synaptic knob 

synaptic vesicle release neurotransmitter 
the neurotransmitter diffuse through the
synapse  neurotransmitter combine with
receptor protein  receptor stimulates the
next impulse
12.4 Voluntary action &
Involuntary action
 Action that we are conscious of and done on
Voluntary action our will

Action that occur automatically and occur

Involuntary action without us being conscious

Spontaneous action
Reflex action - The three-neurone reflex
- The two-neurone reflex
 Spontaneous action
- The three-neurones reflex
 Spontaneous action
- The two-neurones reflex
12.6 Endocrine system
The endocrine gland in the endocrine system of humans

LH, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH

Thyroxine

Aldosterone, Adrenaline

Pancreas, Glucagon

Oestrogen, Progesterone
Testosterone
 Chapter overview
1. State the main component in detecting response?
2. State the necessities of response
3. State 5 parts of human brain
4. State the functions of spinal cord
5. State the 3 types of neurones
6. State the importance of synapse
7. Give examples of involuntary actions
8. Gives examples of endocrine glands
 That’s all.
Thank you for your participation!
Have a wonderful day =)