TMS

201

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
11

Mulyadi Bur

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
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Moment of a Couple
• Two forces F and -F having the same magnitude,
parallel lines of action, and opposite sense are
said to form a couple.

• Moment of the couple,

M  rA  F  rB    F 
    
11 
 
  rA  rB   F
 
 rF
M  rF sin   Fd

• The moment vector of the couple is

independent of the choice of the origin of the
coordinate axes, i.e., it is a free vector that
can be applied at any point with the same
effect.
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Moment of a Couple

Two couples will have equal moments if

• F1d1  F2 d 2

• the two couples lie in parallel

11
planes, and

• the two couples have the same

sense or the tendency to cause
rotation in the same direction.

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Addition of Couples
• Consider two intersecting planes P1 and
P2 with each containing a couple
  
M 1  r  F1 in plane P1
  
M 2  r  F2 in plane P2

11 • Resultants of the vectors also form a

couple

M  r  R  r   F1  F2 
     

• By Varigon’s theorem
    
M  r  F1  r  F2
 
 M1  M 2

• Sum of two couples is also a couple that is

equal to the vector sum of the two couples
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Couples Can Be Represented by Vectors

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• A couple can be represented by a vector with magnitude
and direction equal to the moment of the couple.
• Couple vectors obey the law of addition of vectors.

• Couple vectors are free vectors, i.e., the point of

application is not significant.
• Couple vectors may be resolved into component vectors.
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Resolution of a Force Into a Force at O and
a Couple

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• Force vector F can not be simply moved to O without modifying its

action on the body.

• Attaching equal and opposite force vectors at O produces no net effect on

the body.

• The three forces may be replaced by an equivalent force vector and

couple vector, i.e, a force-couple system.
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Resolution of a Force Into a Force at
O and a Couple

11

• Moving F from A to a different point O’ requires the

addition of a different couple vector MO’
  
M O'  r   F
• The moments of F about O and O’ are related,
         
M O '  r ' F   r  s   F  r  F  s  F
  
 MO  s  F
• Moving the force-couple system from O to O’ requires the
addition of the moment of the force at O about O’.
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Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 7/19
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Sample Problem 3.6
SOLUTION:
• Attach equal and opposite 20 lb forces in
the +x direction at A, thereby producing 3
couples for which the moment
components are easily computed.
11
• Alternatively, compute the sum of the
moments of the four forces about an
arbitrary single point. The point D is a
good choice as only two of the forces will
produce non-zero moment contributions..

Determine the components of the

single couple equivalent to the
couples shown.

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• Attach equal and opposite 20 lb
forces in the +x direction at A
• The three couples may be
represented by three couple
vectors,
11 M x   30 lb18 in.  540 lb  in.
M y   20 lb12 in.  240lb  in.
M z   20 lb 9 in.  180 lb  in.

  
M   540 lb  in. i   240lb  in. j

 180 lb  in. k

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• Alternatively, compute the sum
of the moments of the four
forces about D.

• Only the forces at C and E

contribute to the moment about
11 D.
   
M  M D  18 in. j    30 lb  k
 
  
  9 in. j  12 in. k    20 lb  i

  
M   540 lb  in. i   240lb  in. j

 180 lb  in. k

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System of Forces: Reduction to a Force
and Couple

• A system of forces may be replaced by a collection of force-couple

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systems acting a given point O
• The force and couple vectors may be combined
into a resultant force vector and a resultant couple
M O   r  F 
  R  
vector, R  F
• The force-couple system at O may be moved to O’ with the
addition of the moment of R about O’ ,
R R  
M O'  M O  s  R
• Two systems of forces are equivalent if they can be reduced to the same
force-couple system.
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Further Reduction of a System of
Forces

• If the resultant force and couple at O are

mutually perpendicular, they can be replaced
by a single force acting along a new line of
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action.

• The resultant force-couple system for a

system of forces will be mutually
perpendicular if:
1) the forces are concurrent,
2) the forces are coplanar, or
3) the forces are parallel.
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Further Reduction of a System of Forces
• System of coplanar forces
 isreduced to a
force-couple system R and M OR that is
mutually perpendicular.

• System can be reduced to a single force

by moving the line of action of R until
11 its moment about O becomes M OR

• In terms of rectangular coordinates,

xR y  yRx  M OR

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Sample Problem 3.8
SOLUTION:
a) Compute the resultant force
for the forces shown and the
resultant couple for the
moments of the forces about
11 For the beam, reduce the system A.
of forces shown to (a) an
b) Find an equivalent force-
equivalent force-couple system
couple system at B based on
at A, (b) an equivalent force
the force-couple system at
couple system at B, and (c) a
A.
single force or resultant.
c) Determine the point of
Note: Since the support application for the resultant
reactions are not included, the force such that its moment
given system will not maintain about A is equal to the
the beam in equilibrium. resultant couple at A.
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Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 14/19
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Sample Problem 3.8
SOLUTION:
a) Compute the resultant force and
the resultant couple at A.
 
R  F
11    
 150 N  j   600 N  j  100 N  j   250 N  j
 
R   600 N  j

M A   r  F 
R  
   
 1.6 i     600 j    2.8 i   100 j 
 
  4.8 i     250 j 
R 
M A  1880 N  m  k
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system at B based on the force-
couple system at A.
The force is unchanged by the
movement of the force-couple
system from A to B.
 
R   600 N  j
11
The couple at B is equal to the
moment about B of the force-
couple system found at A.
R R  
M B  M A  rB A  R
  
 1880 N  m  k    4.8 m  i    600 N  j
 
 1880 N  m  k   2880 N  m  k
R 
M B  1000 N  m  k
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Sample Problem 3.10
11
Three cables are attached
to the bracket as shown.
Replace the forces with
an equivalent force-
couple system at A.
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Unand Dipakai di lingkungan
SOLUTION:
• Determine the relative
position vectors for the points
of application of the cable
forces with respect to A.
• Resolve the forces into
rectangular components.
• Compute the equivalent force,
 
R  F
• Compute the equivalent
couple,
M A   r  F 
R  
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• Resolve the forces into
rectangular components.
 
FB   700 N  
   
 rE B 75 i  150 j  50k
 
rE B 175
  
 0.429 i  0.857 j  0.289k
11    
SOLUTION: FB  300 i  600 j  200k  N 

• Determine the relative

position vectors with

 
 
FC  1000 N  cos 45 i  cos 45k 

respect to A.  707 i  707k  N 
  
rB A  0.075 i  0.050k  m 
  
FD  1200 N   cos 60 i  cos 30 j 
    
rC A  0.075 i  0.050k  m   600 i  1039 j  N 
  
rD A  0.100 i  0.100 j  m 
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• Compute the • Compute the equivalent couple,
equivalent force,
M A   r  F 
  R  
R  F 
  
  300  707  600 i 
i j k
 
 
   600  1039 j rB A  F B  0.075 0 0.050  30i  45k
 300  600 200
  200  707  k
  
11    
R  1607i  439 j  507k  N  
i j k
 
rC A  F c  0.075 0  0.050  17.68 j
707 0  707
  
i j k
  
rD A  F D  0.100  0.100 0  163.9k
600 1039 0

R   
M A  30 i  17.68 j  118.9k
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