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ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
1

Mulyadi Bur

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
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Objectives and Textbook

• Course objectives: To develop the basic

concepts and principles of Statics as well as
the ability to apply them in a systematic and
1
logical manner for the solution of simple
problems
• Text: Engineering Mechanics: Statics,10 Ed.,
by Hibbeler, Copyright 2004, Prentice Hall.
• Vector Mechanics for Engineers (Statics), 3rd
SI Metric Edition by Beer & Johnston,
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
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Chapter 1. Introduction

• What is Mechanics?
– The science which describes and predicts
1 the conditions of rest or motion of bodies
under the action of forces
• Mechanics of rigid bodies
• Mechanics of deformable bodies
• Mechanics of fluids

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Sub-fields of Mechanics
• Mechanics of Rigid Bodies
– Statics: bodies at rest
– Dynamics: bodies in motion
1 – Bodies are assumed to be perfectly rigid
– In reality, actual structures deform under loads, but
deformations are usually small and can be
neglected
• Mechanics of material: studies the resistance of
materials to failure (part of mechanics of deformable
bodies)
• Mechanics of fluids: incompressible and compressible
• Hydraulics: studies problems involving water
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Basic Concepts
• Space: The position of a point P is given by its
coordinates related to a a reference point

1 • Time: Defines when an event took place

• Mass: A basic property of bodies related to their

material and volume

• Force: Represents the action of one body on another

by actual contact or at a distance (e.g., gravitation
and magnetic forces)

• In Newtonian mechanics, space, time and mass are

absolute quantities independent of each other
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Force Representation

• A force is described by its point of

application, magnitude and direction
1 • A force is represented by a vector

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Particles and Rigid Bodies
• A particle is a very small body which may
assumed to occupy a single point in space
• A rigid body is a combination of a large
1 number of particles occupying fixed positions
with respect to each other
m
y l1
(x, y, z) l2
l3

x
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Fundamental Principles

1. Parallelogram law for the addition of

forces
1
2. Principle of Transmissibility
3. Newton’s First Law
4. Newton’s Second Law
5. Newton’s Third Law
6. Newton’s Law of Gravitation

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Fundamental Principles (1)
• Parallelogram law for the addition of
forces
The magnitude and direction of the resultant R of two
1
forces P and Q can be determined either graphically
or by trigonometry
P R

Q
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Fundamental Principles (2)
• Principle of Transmissibility
- The effect of an external force on a rigid body
remains unchanged if that force is moved along its
line of action.

1 - Two forces acting on the rigid body at two different

points have the same effect on that body if they have
the same magnitude, same direction, and same line
of action. Two such forces are said to be equivalent
F

F`

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Fundamental Principles (3)

• Newton’s First Law

If the resultant force acting on a particle is zero, the
1 particle will remain at rest, if originally at rest, or will
move with constant speed in a straight line, if
originally in motion.

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Fundamental Principles (4)

• Newton’s Second Law

If the resultant force acting on a particle is not zero,
the particle will have an acceleration proportional to
1 the magnitude of the resultant force

SF=ma

SF: resultant force

m: mass
a: acceleration

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Fundamental Principles (5)

• Newton’s Third Law

The forces of action and reaction between bodies in
contact have the same magnitude, same line of
1 action, and opposite sense

F F

F’ F’

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Fundamental Principles (6)
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Two particles at a distance r from each other and of masses M and m,
respectively, attract each other with equal and opposite forces F and -F
directed along the line joining the particles. The magnitude F of the two
forces is

1 Mm
F=G 2 Where G is constant of gravitation r
m
r F
In the case of a body of mass m subjected
to the gravitational attraction of the earth -F
(mass = M), we define the gravitational
acceleration, g: M
GM 2
g= =9.81 m/s where R is the radius of the earth
R2
The force F exerted by the earth on a particle is defined as the
LDS weight W of the particle: W = mg
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Systems of Units
• Kinetic units: units of length, time, mass and
force (derived unit)
• Consistent systems of units: three of the units
1 are selected arbitrarily (base units), then the
forth unit is selected to satisfy Newton’s
Second Law S F = m a
• International System of Units (SI Units)
– Base units: length (meter, m), mass (kilogram, kg)
and time (second, s)
– Derived unit: force (Newton, N)
1 N = (1 kg) (1 m/s2)
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Method of Problem Solution
• Problem Statement: • Solution Check:
Includes given data, specification of
 test for errors in reasoning
what is to be determined, and a figure
by verifying that the units
showing all quantities involved. of the computed results
are correct,
• Free-Body Diagrams:
1 Create separate diagrams for each of  test for errors in
the bodies involved with a clear computation by
indication of all forces acting on substituting given data and
each body. computed results into
previously unused
• Fundamental Principles: equations based on the six
The six fundamental principles are principles,
applied to express the conditions of
• always apply experience and
rest or motion of each body. The
physical intuition to assess
rules of algebra are applied to solve
whether results seem
the equations for the unknown
“reasonable”
quantities.
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Numerical Accuracy

• The accuracy of a solution depends on

1. accuracy of the given data, and
2. accuracy of the computations performed. The solution cannot be
1 more accurate than the less accurate of these two.

• The use of hand calculators and computers generally makes the accuracy
of the computations much greater than the accuracy of the data. Hence,
the solution accuracy is usually limited by the data accuracy.

• As a general rule for engineering problems, the data are seldom known
with an accuracy greater than 0.2%. Therefore, it is usually appropriate
to record parameters beginning with “1” with four digits and with three
digits in all other cases, i.e., 40.2 lb and 15.58 lb.
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