TMS

201

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
3

Mulyadi Bur

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 1/41
TMS
201
Example 2-2

Resolve the 200 lb

force into
components in the
3
x and y directions
and in the x’ and y
directions

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 2/41
TMS
201
y
y’

Resolve the 200 lb

F=200 lb
force into
3 components in the
x and y directions
and in the x’ and y 400
x
directions

300 x’

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 3/41
TMS
201
Parallelogram Law

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 4/41
TMS
201
Triangular Construction

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 5/41
TMS
201
Solution – Part (a)

r r r
F  Fx  Fy
3

Fx  200lb cos40  153lb

o

Fy  200lb sin40  129lb

o

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 6/41
TMS
201
Parallelogram Law

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 7/41
TMS
201
y

Fy 200 lb
3 500
500
400
300
600
Fx’

x’
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 8/41
TMS
201
Triangular Construction

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 9/41
TMS
201
r r r
200 lb
F  Fx   Fy
500

700 Fy

3
Fx’ 600
sin500
Fx '  200 0
 177 lb
sin60
Fx' 200

sin 50 0
sin 60 0 sin700
Fy  200 0
 217 lb
Fy 200 sin60

0
sin 70 sin 600

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 10/41
TMS
201
Example 2-3

SOLUTION:
• Graphical solution - construct a
parallelogram with sides in the same
3 direction as P and Q and lengths in
proportion. Graphically evaluate the
resultant which is equivalent in direction
and proportional in magnitude to the the
diagonal.
The two forces act on a bolt at
• Trigonometric solution - use the triangle
A. Determine their resultant.
rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 11/41
TMS
201

• Graphical solution - A parallelogram with sides

equal to P and Q is drawn to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the diagonal to the parallelogram are measured,

3 R  98 N   35

• Graphical solution - A triangle is drawn with P

and Q head-to-tail and to scale. The magnitude
and direction of the resultant or of the third side
of the triangle are measured,

R  98 N   35

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 12/41
TMS
201
• Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle
rule.
From the Law of Cosines,
R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos B
 40 N 2  60 N 2  240 N 60 N  cos 155
R  97.73N
3
From the Law of Sines,
sin A sin B

Q R
Q
sin A  sin B
R
60 N
 sin 155
97.73N
A  15.04
  20  A
  35.04
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 13/41
TMS
201
Example 2-4
SOLUTION:
• Find a graphical solution by applying the
Parallelogram Rule for vector addition.
The parallelogram has sides in the
directions of the two ropes and a diagonal
in the direction of the barge axis and
3 A barge is pulled by two length proportional to 5000 lbf.
tugboats. If the resultant of
• Find a trigonometric solution by applying
the forces exerted by the
the Triangle Rule for vector addition.
tugboats is 5000 lbf directed
With the magnitude and direction of the
along the axis of the barge,
resultant known and the directions of the
determine
other two sides parallel to the ropes, apply
a) the tension in each of the the Law of Sines to find the rope tensions.
ropes for  = 45 ,
o
• The angle for minimum tension in rope 2
b) the value of  for which is determined by applying the Triangle
the tension in rope 2 is a Rule and observing the effect of variations
LDS minimum. in .
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 14/41
TMS
201
• Graphical solution - Parallelogram Rule
with known resultant direction and
magnitude, known directions for sides.
T1  3700 lbf T2  2600 lbf

• Trigonometric solution - Triangle Rule

3 with Law of Sines
T1 T2 5000 lbf
 
sin 45 sin 30 sin 105

T1  3660 lbf T2  2590 lbf

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 15/41
TMS
201
• The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is
determined by applying the Triangle Rule
and observing the effect of variations in .

• The minimum tension in rope 2 occurs when

T1 and T2 are perpendicular.

3 T2  5000 lbf  sin 30 T2  2500 lbf

T1  5000 lbf  cos 30 T1  4330 lbf

  90  30   60

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 16/41
TMS
201
• May resolve a force vector into perpendicular
componentsso that the resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. Fx and Fy are referred to as
rectangular vector components and
  
F  Fx  Fy

 
3 • Define perpendicular unit vectors i and j which
are parallel to the x and y axes.

• Vector components may be expressed as products

of the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of F
the vector components.
  
F  Fx i  Fy j
Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components
of

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 17/41
TMS
201
A force F is said to have been resolved into two rectangular
components if its components are directed along the coordinate
axes. Introducing the unit vectors i and j along the x and y axes,

F = Fx i + Fy j
y
Fx = F cos q Fy = F sin q
3

Fy
Fy = Fy j tan q =
Fx
F
2 2
j F= Fx + Fy
q
x
i Fx = Fx i
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 18/41
TMS
201
Example 2-5

• A force of 800 N is
exerted on a bolt. 800 N
3
Determine the
horizontal and 350
vertical components
of the force

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 19/41
TMS
201
Solution

Fx  800N cos 35  655N

. 0
Fy
3 350
Fy 800N sin 35  459N
 .
0

Fx x
Fx  655 N i
Fy  459 N j
F  655 N i  459 N j
Note that Fx is negative
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 20/41
TMS
201
Example 2-6

• A man pulls with a force

3
of 800 N on a rope 8m
attached to a building. A
Determine the horizontal 300 N 6m
and vertical components
B
of the force exerted by
the rope at point A

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 21/41
TMS
201
Solution

Fx Fx  300N . cos
α x Fy  300N . sin 
Fy 300N 4
3 cos  
5
 4
y 
Fx 300 N . i  240 Ni
5
 3
Fy  300 N . j  -180 N j
  5 
F  240 N i  180 N j

Note that Fy is negative

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 22/41
TMS
201
Example 2-7

• A force F=(700 lb) i

3
+(1500 lb) j is applied
to a bolt A. Determine Fy F
the magnitude of the
force and the angle of
θ it forms with the θ
A
horizontal Fx

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 23/41
TMS
201

Solution

Fy
1500lb
3 tan q  
Fx 700lb Fy F
q  65.00
Fy
1500lb
F   1655lb q
sin q sin 65.0 0

A
Fx

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 24/41
TMS
201
Addition of a System of
Coplanar Forces

3
r r r
F  Fx  Fy

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 25/41
TMS
201
Addition of a System of
Coplanar Forces

3
r r r
F  Fx  Fy

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 26/41
TMS
201
Cartesian Notation

3 r
ˆ ˆ
F  Fx i  Fy j

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 27/41
TMS
201
Cartesian Notation

 
r
F  Fx ˆi  Fy  ˆj
3

r
F  Fx ˆi  Fy ˆj

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 28/41
TMS
201
Coplanar Force Resultants

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 29/41
TMS
201
Resolve into Cartesian
Components

3 r
F1  F1x ˆi  F1y ˆj
r
F2   F2x ˆi  F2y ˆj
r
F3  F3x ˆi  F3y ˆj

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 30/41
TMS
201
Add Components
r r r r
FR  F1  F2  F3
r
FR  F1x ˆi  F1y ˆj  F2x ˆi  F2y ˆj  F3x ˆi  F3y ˆj
3 r
FR  F1x ˆi  F2x ˆi  F3x ˆi  F1y ˆj  F2y ˆj  F3y ˆj
r
FR   F1x  F2x  F3x  ˆi   F1y  F2y  F3y  ˆj
r
FR  FRx ˆi  FRy ˆj
FRx   F1x  F2x  F3x 
FRy   F1y  F2 y  F3y 
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 31/41
TMS
201

FRx   Fx
FRy   Fy
r
3 FR  FR  FRx
2
 FRy
2

1 FRy
q  tan
FRx

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 32/41
TMS
201

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 33/41
TMS
201
Special Triangles

5  32  42

4 3
3
5 cos q   0.8 sin q   0.6
5 5
3 q 3 4
cos    0.6 cos    0.8
5 5
4

13  52  122
 13
5 12 5
cos q  sin q 
q 13 13
5 12
12 cos   cos  
13 13
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 34/41
TMS
201
Example 2-8

The link in the figure is subjected to two forces, F1 and

F2. Determine the resultant magnitude and orientation of
the resultant force.
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 35/41
TMS
201
Scalar Solution

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 36/41
TMS
201
Scalar Solution

 FR x   Fx
FR x  600cos 30o N  400sin45o N  236.8 N 
3

 FR y   Fy

FR y  600sin 30o N  400cos45o N  582.8 N 

1 
582.8 N 
q  tan    67.9 o

 236.8 N 

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 37/41
TMS
201
Cartesian Vector Solution

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 38/41
TMS
201
Cartesian Vector Solution
 
r
F1  600cos 30o ˆi  600sin 30o ˆj N

 
r
F2  400cos 45o ˆi  400sin 45o ˆj N
3 r r r
FR  F1  F2

 
 600cos 30o ˆi  600sin 30o ˆj N 

 400cos 45 ˆi  400sin 45 ˆj N

o o

 
r
FR  236.8iˆ  582.8jˆ N

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 39/41
TMS
201
Example 2-9
SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into
rectangular components.
3
• Determine the
components of the
resultant by adding the
Four forces act on bolt A corresponding force
as shown. Determine components.
the resultant of the force • Calculate the magnitude
on the bolt. and direction of the
LDS resultant.
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 40/41
TMS
201
SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
force mag x  comp y  comp

F1 150  129.9  75.0

F2 80  27.4  75.2
3 
F3 110 0  110.0

F4 100  96.6  25.9
Rx  199.1 R y  14.3

• Determine the components of the

resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.

• Calculate the magnitude and direction. R  199.1  14.3 R  199.6 N

2 2

14.3 N
tan     4.1
LDS 199.1 N
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan sendiri 41/41