TMS

201

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
4

Mulyadi Bur

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 1/42
TMS
201 Bahan ajar ini dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bacaan bagi para
mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Andalas yang berdasarkan
kepada pengalaman penulis serta merujuk kepada beberapa buku standar
seperti tercantum berikut ini:

/1/. Beer, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.

Vector Mechanics for Engineer: Statics, 7 Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,
2004
4 /2/. Hibbeler, R.C.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 10 Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004.
/3/. Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G.
Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5.th. Ed., John Wiley, 2002.
/4/. Szabo, I., Gesichte der mechanischen Prinzipien, Birkhaeuser, Basel,
1987.

Bahan ajar ini dipakai di lingkungan sendiri dan disediakan secara gratis bagi peserta
kuliah Statika Struktur TMS-201 yang dapat diunduh dari portal akademik.

LDS
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Rectangular Components in Space

 
• The vector F is • Resolve F into • Resolve Fh into
contained in the horizontal and vertical rectangular components
plane OBAC. components.
Fx  Fh cos 
Fy  F cos y  F sin  y cos 
Fh  F sin  y Fy  Fh sin 
 F sin  y sin 
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Rectangular Components in Space


4 • With the angles between F and the axes,
Fx  F cos x Fy  F cos y Fz  F cos z
   
F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k
 F  cos x i  cos y j  cos z k 
  

 F
   
  cos x i  cos y j  cos z k
 
•  is a unit vector along the line of action of F
and cos x , cos
  y , and cos z are the direction
cosines for F
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201

F  Fx2  Fy2  Fz2


F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k

Example; A force of 500 N forms angles of 600, 450, and 1200,

4 respectively with x, y, and z. Find the component.

Answer
Fx  (500N) cos 600  250N
Fy  (500N) cos 450  354N
Fz  (500N) cos1200  250N

F   250N  i   354N  j   250N  k

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 5/42
TMS
201 2x  2y  2z  1
cos 2  x  cos 2  y  cos 2  z  1

Example; A force F has the components Fx=20lb, Fy=-30lb,

Fz=60lb. Determine the magnitude of F and the angles with
coordinates.
4
Answer
F  202   30   60 2  70lb
2

Fx 20
cos x   , x  73.40
F 70
Fy 30
cos  y   ,  y  115.40
F 70
F 60
cos z  z  , z  31.00
F 70
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Rectangular Components in Space

Direction of the force is

defined by the location of
two points,

4 M  x1,y1,z1  and N  x 2 ,y 2 ,z2 


d  vector joining M and N
  
 dx i  dy j  dzk
dx  x 2  x1 dy  y 2  y1 dz  z2  z1
 
F  F

 
 1   
  dx i  dy j  dzk
d
Fdx Fdy Fd
Fx  Fy  Fz  z
LDS d d d
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Sample problem 2.7

• A tower guy wire is anchored by means of a bolt at A.

The tension in the wire is 2500 N. Determine the
components of the force on the bolt, (b) the angles
defining the direction of the force
4
B 
y d  vector joining A and B
  
 dx i  dy j  dzk

80 m
40 m dx  40m dy  80m dz  30m

 40 
2
AB  d   (80)2  (30)2  94.3m
A
F, 

x 30 m
z
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y   2500N 
F  F  d
94.3m

 
40 m  2500N   
80 m F 40m(  i )  80m j  30mk
94.3m
 
   
F  1060N i  2120Nj  795Nk
F, 
4
x 30 m Fx 1060
z cos x   , x  115.10
F 2500
Fy 2120
cos y   , y  32.00
F 2500
F 795
cos z  z  , z  71.50
F 2500

LDS
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Sample Problem 2.8

A wall section of precast concrete is temporarily held by the

cables shown. Knowing that the tension is 840 lb in cable
AB and 1200 lb in cable AC. Determine the magnitude
and the direction of the resultant of the forces exerted by
4 cables AB and AC on stake A

27 ft C
8 ft
B (1200 lb)AC

11 ft A (840 lb)AB
16 ft
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   
AB   16ft  i   8ft  j   11ft  k
   
AC   16ft  i   8ft  j   16ft  k
AB  21ft,AC  24 ft
 840lb   
TAB   16ft  i   8ft  j   11ft  k 
21ft  
   
TAB   640lb  i   320lb  j   440lb  k
4

27 ft C
y
8 ft
B
(1200 lb)AC
z 11 ft A (840 lb)AB
16 ft
x

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 11/42
TMS
201  1200lb    
TAC    16ft  i   8ft  j   16ft  k 
24ft
   
TAC   800lb  i   400lb  j   800lb  k
   
TAB   640lb  i   320lb  j   440lb  k
     
R  TAC  TAB   1440lb  i   720lb  j   360lb  k
4 R  ( 1440)2  (720)2  ( 360)2  1650lb

27 ft C R x 1440
y cos x   , x  150.8o
8 ft R 1650
B Ry 720
cos y   , y  64.1o
R 1650
z 11 ft R 360
A cos z  z  , z  102.6o
16 ft R 1650
x
LDS
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201
Sample Problem 2.9
A 200 kg cylinder is hung by means of two cables AB
and AC, which are attached to the top of a vertical
wall. A horizontal force P perpendicular to the wall
holds the cylinder in the position shown. Determine
4 the magnitude of P and the tension in each cable.
12 m C
8m
1.2 m
B
P
A
2m
12 m

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 13/42
TMS
201 12 m C TAC
8m TAB
1.2 m j
B P
P A
A i
2m k
12 m W

4  
P  Pi
 
W  mg j
   
AB   1.2m  i   10m  j   8m  k
   
AC   1.2  i   10m  j   12m  k
AB  12.862m, AC  15.666m

 AB   
 AB    0.09330  i   0.7775  j   0.6220  k
12.862m
    
TAB  TAB  AB   0.09330TAB  i   0.7775TAB  j   0.6220TAB  k
LDS
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TMS
201 12 m C TAC
8m TAB
1.2 m j
B P
P A
A i
2m k
12 m W

4

 AC   
 AC    0.0766  i   0.63832  j   0.76599  k
15.666m
    
TAC  TAC  AC   0.0766TAC  i   0.63832TAC  j   0.76599TAC  k

   
TAB  TAC  P  W  0
  
 0.09330TAB  i   0.7775TAB  j   0.6220TAB  k 
    
 0.0766TAC  i   0.63832TAC  j   0.76599TAC  k  P i   1962N j  0
LDS
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201
i  Fx  0;  0.0766TAC    0.09330TAB   P  0
j  Fy  0;  0.63832TAC    0.7775TAB    1962N  0
k  Fz  0;  0.76599TAC    0.6220TAB   0  TAB  1.231495TAC

TAC  1229.47N
4 TAB  1514.09N
P  235.442N

LDS
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201
Problem 2.129

The direction of the 75-lb

240 lb forces may vary, but the
4 A angle between the forces
o
30 is always 50o. Determine
 the value of  for which
75 lb the resultant of the forces
50o acting at A is directed
horizontally to the left.
75 lb

LDS
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201
Solving Problems on Your Own

1. Determine the resultant R of

two or more forces.
240 lb 2. Draw a parallelogram with
A
30o the applied forces as two
4  adjacent sides and the
resultant as the included
75 lb diagonal.
50o
3. Set the resultant, or sum of
75 lb the forces, directed
horizontally.

LDS
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201
240 lb Determine the resultant R of two
A or more forces.
o
30

We first Replace the two 75-lb
75 lb
50o forces by their resultant R1, using
4 the triangle rule.
75 lb

75
25o R1 = 2(75 lb) cos25o = 135.95 lb

50o 25o R1
R1 = 135.95 lb  +25o
75
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 19/42
TMS
201 Draw a parallelogram with the applied forces as two adjacent
sides and the resultant as the included diagonal. Set the
resultant, or sum of the forces, directed horizontally.
Consider the
R2 resultant R2
of R1 and the 240-lb
30o +25o
4 force
240 lb R1 = 135.95 lb and recall that R2
must be
horizontal and
Law of sines: directed to
the left.
sin(+25o) sin(30o)
=  + 25o = 61.97o
240 lb 135.95 lb
o
(240 lb) sin(30 )
o
sin(+25 ) = = 0.88270  = 36.97o
LDS 135.95 lb
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201
Problem 2.131

y A container of weight
360 mm W = 1165 N is
C 450 mm
supported
D
4 O by three cables as
500 mm shown.
B 320 mm Determine the
z A x tension in
600 mm
each cable.

LDS
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201
y
360 mm
C 450 mm A container of weight
D W = 1165 N is supported
O
500 mm by three cables as shown.
B 320 mm
Determine the tension in
z A x
600 mm each cable.
4

1. Draw a free-body diagram of the particle. This diagram shows

the particle and all the forces acting on it.
2. Resolve each of the forces into rectangular components.
Follow the method outlined in the text.
F
F = F  = (dx i + dy j + dz k)
d
LDS
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201
y
360 mm
C 450 mm A container of weight
D W = 1165 N is supported
O
500 mm by three cables as shown.
B 320 mm
Determine the tension in
z A x each cable.
600 mm
4

3. Set the resultant, or sum, of the forces exerted on the particle

equal to zero. You will obtain a vectorial equation consisting
of terms containing the unit vectors i, j, and k. Three scalar
equations result, which can be solved for the unknowns.

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 23/42
TMS
201 Draw a free-body diagram of the particle.
y
360 mm
C
D
450 mm
F=0
O
500 mm TAC
B 320 mm TAB + TAC + TAD + W = 0
4 TAD TAB
z x
A 600 mm

W = _ (1165 N) j

AB = (450 mm)i + (600 mm)j AB = 750 mm

AC = (600 mm)j _ (320mm)k AC = 680 mm

AD = (_500 mm)i + (600 mm)j + (360 mm)k AD = 860 mm

LDS
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201
Resolve each of the forces into rectangular components.
y
360 mm
C 450 mm
D
O
500 mm TAC
B
4 TAD TAB
320 mm

z x
A
600 mm

W = _ (1165 N) j

AB
TAB = TAB AB = TAB
AB

= ( 450
750
i+
600
750 )
j TAB = (0.6 i + 0.8 j) TAB
LDS
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201
AC
TAC = TAC AC = TAC
AC
600 320
(
= 680 j _
680 )
k TAC =
17 (
15 j _ 8 j
17
TAC )
4 AD
TAD = TAD AD = TAD
AD
500
=( 860
i+
600
860
j+
360
860 )
k TAD

=( k) T
25 30 18
i+ j+
43 43 43 AD

LDS
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201
y Set the resultant, or sum, of
360 mm
C 450 mm
the forces exerted on the
D particle equal to zero.
O
500 mm TAC
B 320 mm Substitution into F = 0,
TAD TAB
z x factor i, j, k and set their
A 600 mm
4 coefficients to zero:
W = _ (1165 N) j

0.6 TAB _ 25 TAD = 0 TAB = 0.9690 TAD (1)

43
15 30 T _
0.8 TAB + T + 1165 N = 0 (2)
17 AC 43 AD
_ 8 18 T = 0
T + TAC = 0.8895 TAD (3)
LDS 17 AC 43 AD
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 27/42
TMS
201 y
360 mm
C 450 mm
D
O Substitution for TAB and
500 mm TAC TAC from (1) and (3)
B 320 mm
TAD TAB into (2):
z x
A 600 mm

4 W = _ (1165 N) j
15 30
( 0.8 x 0.9690 + x 0.8895 + )TAD _ 1165 N = 0
17 43
2.2578 TAD _ 1165 N = 0 TAD = 516 N

From (1): TAB = 0.9690 (516 N) TAB = 500 N

From (3): TAC = 0.8895 (516 N) TAC = 459 N

LDS
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201
Problem 2.133
y
A
56 ft Cable AB is 65 ft long, and
the tension in that cable is
4 3900 lb. Determine (a) the
D
 x, y, and z components of
the force exerted by the
O B cable on the anchor B, (b)
20o the angles x, y, and z
50o defining the direction of
z C that force.
x

LDS
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y 1. Determine the
A rectangular components
56 ft of a force defined by its
magnitude and direction.
D If the direction of the force
4 F is defined by the angles

O y and , projections of F
B
through these angles or
20o their components will yield
50o
z C the components of F.
x

LDS
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201
y 2. Determine the
A direction cosines of the
56 ft line of action of a force.
The direction cosines of
D the line of action of a
4  force F are determined by
O B dividing the components
of the force by F.
20o
50o
z C x

Fx Fy Fz
cos x= cos y= cos z= F
F F
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 31/42
TMS
201 y Determine the direction cosines of
A
the line of action of a force.
65 ft
y From triangle AOB:
F Fy
56 ft cos y = 56 ft = 0.86154
65 ft
4 Fx y = 30.51o
O B
20o Fz Fx = _ F sin y cos 20o
z
= _ (3900 lb) sin 30.51o cos 20o
x Fx = _1861 lb

Fy = + F cos y = (3900 lb)(0.86154) Fy = + 3360 lb

LDS Fz = + (3900 lb) sin 30.51o sin 20o Fz = + 677 lb

Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 32/42
TMS
201 y
A Determine the direction cosines
of the line of action of a force.
65 ft
y
F Fy Fx _
1861 lb
(b) cos x = =
56 ft F 3900 lb
4 Fx cos x = _ 0.4771
O B
o
20 Fz x = 118.5o
z
x From above (a): y = 30.5o

Fz 677 lb
cos z = = + = + 0.1736 z = 80.0o
LDS F 3900 lb
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201
Problem 2.134

Two cables are

A B tied together at
C and loaded as
4 9 ft shown.
8.5 ft
C Determine the
5 ft tension
396 lb
(a) in cable AC,
12 ft 7.5 ft (b) in cable BC.

LDS
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TMS
201 B
A

8.5 ft 9 ft
C
5 ft
396 lb
12 ft 7.5 ft
4

1. Draw a free-body diagram of the particle. This diagram shows the

particle and all the forces acting on it.

2. Set the resultant, or sum, of the forces exerted on the particle equal
to zero. You will obtain a vectorial equation consisting of terms containing
the unit vectors i, j, and k. Three scalar equations result, which can be
solved for the unknowns.
LDS
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201
y
TBC Draw a free-body diagram
TAC of the particle.
12.5 8.5
3.5 4
12 7.5
x
Set the resultant, or
4
396 lb sum, of
the forces exerted on the
particle equal to zero.

12 T 7.5
 Fx = 0 : AC + 8.5 TBC = 0 TBC = 1.088 TAC
12.5
3.5 4
 Fy = 0 : T T
12.5 AC + 8.5 BC
396 lb = 0
LDS
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TMS
201 y
TBC
TAC
12.5 8.5
3.5 4
12 7.5
x

4 396 lb
Substitute for TBC:

3.5 4 _
TAC + (1.088 T ) 396 lb = 0
12.5 8.5 AC

(0.280 + 0.512) TAC _ 396 lb = 0 TAC = 500 lb

(b) TBC = 1.088 (500 lb) TBC = 544 lb

LDS
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201
Problem 2.137
Collars A and B are
y connected by a 25-in.-long
x wire and can slide freely
P on frictionless rods. If a
4 60-lb force Q is applied to
A collar B as shown,
Determine
O 20 in (a) the tension in the wire
Q when x = 9 in., (b) the
z corresponding magnitude
B x of the force P required
z
to maintain the equilibrium
of the system.
LDS
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201

y
x
P 1. Draw a free-body
diagram of the
4 A particle. This
diagram shows the
O 20 in particle and all the
Q forces acting on it.
z
B x
z

LDS
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201

y 2. Set the resultant,

x or sum, of the forces
P exerted on the
particle equal to zero.
A You will obtain a
4
vectorial equation
O 20 in consisting of terms
Q containing the unit
z vectors i, j, and k.
B x Three scalar equations
z
result, which can be
solved for the
unknowns.

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 40/42
TMS
201 Draw a free-body diagram of the particle.
y
x x i _ (20 in) j + z k
AB _
P AB = =
AB 25 in
A
O 20 in
4 Q
z Free Body: Collar A
B x
z
Ny j  F = 0: P i + Ny j + Nz k + TAB AB = 0

Substitute for AB and set

A
Nz k Pi coefficients of i equal to zero:
TAB x
P _
= 0 (1)
TAB AB 25
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 41/42
TMS
201 Free Body: Collar B
y
x
P Ny j _
TAB AB
A
O 20 in Nx i
Q
4 z Q = (60 lb) k
B x
z

 F = 0: (60 lb) k + Nx i + Ny j _ TAB AB = 0

Substitute for AB and set coefficients of k equal to zero:

TAB z
60 _
= 0 (2)
25
LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 42/42
TMS
201
(a) Since x = 9 in.:
(9 in)2 + (20 in) 2 + z 2 = (25 in) 2 z = 12 in
TAB (12)
From eq. (2): 60 _
=0 TAB = 125.0 lb
25

4 (125.0 lb)(9 in) P = 45.0 lb

(b) From eq. (1): P =
25 in

LDS
Unand Dipakai di lingkungan 43/42