TMS

201

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
16

Mulyadi Bur

Structural Dynamics Laboratory

ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
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Contents
Introduction
Internal Forces in Members
Sample Problem 7.1
Various Types of Beam Loading and Support
16 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Sample Problem 7.2

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Introduction
• Preceding chapters dealt with:
a) determining external forces acting on a structure and
b) determining forces which hold together the various members
of a structure.
16 • The current chapter is concerned with determining the internal
forces (i.e., tension/compression, shear, and bending) which hold
together the various parts of a given member.

• Focus is on two important types of engineering structures:

a) Beams - usually long, straight, prismatic members designed
to support loads applied at various points along the member.
b) Cables - flexible members capable of withstanding only
tension, designed to support concentrated or distributed
loads.
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Internal Forces in Members
• Straight two-force member AB is in
equilibrium under application of F and
-F.

• Internal forces equivalent to F and -F

are required for equilibrium of free-
bodies AC and CB.
16
• Multiforce member ABCD is in equil-
ibrium under application of cable and
member contact forces.

• Internal forces equivalent to a force-

couple system are necessary for equil-
ibrium of free-bodies JD and ABCJ.

• An internal force-couple system is

required for equilibrium of two-force
LDS members which are not straight.
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Sample Problem 7.1
SOLUTION:
• Compute reactions and forces at
connections for each member.

16 • Cut member ACF at J. The internal

forces at J are represented by
equivalent force-couple system which
is determined by considering
equilibrium of either part.
• Cut member BCD at K. Determine
force-couple system equivalent to
Determine the internal forces internal forces at K by applying
(a) in member ACF at point J equilibrium conditions to either part.
and (b) in member BCD at K.

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SOLUTION:
• Compute reactions and connection forces.

Consider entire frame as a free-body:

ME  0:
  2400 N  3.6 m   F  4.8 m   0
16 F  1800 N

 Fy  0 :
 2400 N  1800 N  E y  0
E y  600 N

 Fx  0 : Ex  0

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201 Consider member BCD as free-body:
MB  0:
  2400 N  3.6 m   C y  2.4 m   0 C y  3600 N
 MC  0 :
  2400 N 1.2 m   B y  2.4 m   0 B y  1200 N
 Fx  0 :  Bx  C x  0
16 Consider member ABE as free-body:
 M A  0 : Bx  2.4 m   0 Bx  0
 Fx  0 : B x  Ax  0 Ax  0
 Fy  0 :  Ay  B y  600 N  0
Ay  1800 N

From member BCD,

 Fx  0 :  Bx  C x  0 Cx  0
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• Cut member ACF at J. The internal forces at J are
represented by equivalent force-couple system.

Consider free-body AJ:

MJ  0:
 1800 N 1.2 m   M  0 M  2160 N  m
16  Fx  0 :
F  1800 N  cos 41.7  0 F  1344 N
 Fy  0 :
V  1800 N  sin 41.7  0 V  1197 N

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201 • Cut member BCD at K. Determine a force-
couple system equivalent to internal forces at
K.
Consider free-body BK:

MK  0:
1200 N 1.5 m   M  0 M  1800 N  m
16
 Fx  0 : F 0

 Fy  0 :
 1200 N  V  0 V  1200 N

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Various Types of Beam Loading and
Support
• Beam - structural member designed to
support loads applied at various points
along its length.
16 • Beam can be subjected to concentrated
loads or distributed loads or combination of
both.
• Beam design is two-step process:
1) determine shearing forces and bending
moments produced by applied loads
2) select cross-section best suited to resist
shearing forces and bending moments

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201 • Beams are classified according to way in which they are supported.

• Reactions at beam supports are determinate if they involve only three

unknowns. Otherwise, they are statically indeterminate.

16

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Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
• Wish to determine bending moment
and shearing force at any point in a
beam subjected to concentrated and
distributed loads.

• Determine reactions at supports by

16 treating whole beam as free-body.

• Cut beam at C and draw free-

body diagrams for AC and
CB. By definition, positive
sense for internal force-
couple systems are as shown.

• From equilibrium considerations, determine M and V or M’ and V’.

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Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
• Variation of shear and bending
moment along beam may be
plotted.

• Determine reactions at supports.

16

• Cut beam at C and consider member

AC,
V   P 2 M   Px 2

• Cut beam at E and consider member

EB,
V   P 2 M   P L  x  2
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L P
xL V
16 2 2
L P
0x V
2 2
L Px
0x M
2 2
L P(L  x)
xL M
2 2
• For a beam subjected to concentrated loads, shear is constant between
loading points and moment varies linearly.
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Sample Problem 7.2
SOLUTION:
• Taking entire beam as a free-body,
calculate reactions at B and D.
16 • Find equivalent internal force-
couple systems for free-bodies
formed by cutting beam on either
side of load application points.
Draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams for the beam • Plot results.
and loading shown.

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SOLUTION:
• Taking entire beam as a free-body, calculate
reactions at B and D.
• Find equivalent internal force-couple
systems at sections on either side of load
application points.

16  Fy  0 :  20 kN  V1  0 V1  20 kN

 M 2  0 :  20 kN  0 m   M 1  0 M 1  0

Similarly,
V3  26 kN M3  50 kN  m
V4  26 kN M4  50 kN  m
V5  26 kN M5  50 kN  m
V6  26 kN M6  50 kN  m

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• Plot results.
Note that shear is of constant
value between concentrated loads
and bending moment varies
linearly.

16

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