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Introduction

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

OBJECTIVES

 The main objective of the study of mechanics of

materials is to provide the future engineer with the
means of analyzing and designing various machines and
load carrying structures.
 Design and analysis of a given structure involve the
determination of stresses and deformation.

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WHAT IS MECHANICS OF MATERIALS?

 Mechanics of Materials is the study of the relationship

between external, applied forces and internal effects
(stress & deformation).
 An understanding of statics is essential. At least one half
of every mechanics problem is a statics problem. Free
body diagrams, equations of equilibrium, centroids &
area moments of inertia, structural analysis (trusses &
frames) and shear and bending moment diagrams are
topics that are used extensively.

REVIEW OF STATICS

External Loads: A body can be subjected to different

types of external loads:
 Surface Forces: are caused by direct contact of one
body with the surface of another (1- Concentrated forces,
N, and 2- Distributed load, N/m or N/m2).
 Body Force: is caused when one body exerts a force on
another body without a direct physical contact between
the bodies (ex: gravitational force, electromagnetic field,
etc.)

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REVIEW OF STATICS
Support Reactions: As a general rule, if the support prevents
translation in a given direction, then a force must be developed on
the member in that direction. Likewise, if rotation is prevented, a
couple moment must be exerted on the member .

REVIEW OF STATICS
Equations of Equilibrium:
 For a rigid body to be in equilibrium, both the resultant force
and the resultant moments (couples) must equal zero. These
two conditions can be expressed mathematically as
𝐹𝑥 = 0, 𝐹𝑦 = 0, and 𝐹𝑧 = 0
𝑀𝑥 = 0, 𝑀𝑦 = 0, and 𝑀𝑧 = 0

 Successful application of the equations of equilibrium

requires complete specification of all the known and
unknown forces that act on the body, and so the best way to
account for all these forces is to draw the body’s free-body
diagram .

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REVIEW OF STATICS
Example 1: The 500-kg engine is suspended from the
crane boom. Determine a) the reactions at support A, b)
the internal force developed in member CD, and c) the
resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section of
the boom at point E .

Example 1:

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Example 1:

The free-body diagram of segment AE

Example 2:

• The structure is designed

to support a 30 kN load

• The structure consists of

a boom and rod joined by
pins (zero moment
connections) at the
junctions and supports
• Perform a static analysis
to determine the internal
force in each structural
member and the reaction
forces at the supports
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Example 2:
• Structure is detached from supports
and the loads and reaction forces are
indicated

• Conditions for static equilibrium:

 M C  0  Ax 0.6 m   30 kN 0.8 m 
Ax  40 kN
 Fx  0 Ax  C x
C x   Ax  40 kN
 Fy  0  Ay  C y  30 kN  0
Ay  C y  30 kN

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Example 2:
• In addition to the complete structure,
each component must satisfy the
conditions for static equilibrium
• Consider a free-body diagram for the boom:
 M B  0   Ay 0.8 m 
Ay  0
substitute into the structure equilibrium
equation
C y  30 kN
• Results:
A  40 kN  Cx  40 kN  C y  30 kN 

Reaction forces are directed along boom

and rod
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Example 2:
• The boom and rod are 2-force members, i.e.,
the members are subjected to only two forces
which are applied at member ends

• For equilibrium, the forces must be parallel to

to an axis between the force application points,
equal in magnitude, and in opposite directions

• Joints must satisfy the conditions for static

equilibrium which may be expressed in the
form of a force triangle:

 FB  0
FAB FBC 30 kN
 
4 5 3
FAB  40 kN FBC  50 kN

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REVISION H.W.:

1. Determine the reaction forces at A

and the tension force in cable BC

2. The shaft is supported by a smooth

thrust bearing at A and a smooth
journal bearing at B Determine the
resultant internal loadings acting on
the cross section at C .