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Developing writing skills

Overview
 What do we write? Why?
 How is writing different to speaking?
 Purpose, audience and genre
 What sub-skills are involved?
 Process and product approaches
 Stages in a writing lesson
 Assessment of writing
What have you written recently? Why?
Who to?
Purpose

Audience

In/formality
Text types
 Emails
 Letters
 Stories
 Poems
 Guides, instructions
 Lists
 Notes
 Applications/form-filling
 Messages (inc. texts)
Why is writing difficult?
 It is often formal, carefully organised
 It forces students to reveal themselves: it is permanent and
public
 The student must consider the audience
 Ambiguity cannot be clarified: delayed feedback, if any
 Absence of negotiation or communicative strategies
 Script (for non-Romance language students)
Writing sub-skills
Script
Spelling
Punctuation
Vocabulary
Grammar
Organisation
Coherence/cohesion
Style
Process and Product approaches
Stages in a process approach
1. Introduction: create motivation and interest via visuals,
texts, discussion

2. Analyse the task: genre, purpose, audience


3. Generate ideas: brainstorming, creating content
4. Organise into paragraphs consistent with task
5. Draft paragraphs consistent with 2 above
6. Exchange drafts for peer feedback on content and
language

7. Re-draft, edit, final text

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