Topic:

Dermatitis
Keren Grace C. Espiritu
Blessie Fernandez
UNP – CN; BSN 1 – B
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 Chapter Contents:

INTRODUCTION COMMON TYPES OF CAUSES OF

DERMATITIS DERMATITIS
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RISKS FACTORS NURSING

MANAGEMENT
OF DERMATITIS RESPONSIBILITIES
 DEFINITION
In the word “dermatitis,” “derm” means “skin” and “itis” means
“inflammation.” The word as a whole means “inflammation of the
skin.”  (clevelandclinic.org)

“Dermatitis” is a word used to describe a number of skin

irritations and rashes caused by genetics, an overactive immune
system, infections, allergies, irritating substances and more.
Common symptoms include dry skin, redness and itchiness.
(clevelandclinic.org)
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 COMMON
TYPES OF
DERMATITIS
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 Atopic dermatitis

Also called eczema, this skin condition is usually

inherited and develops during infancy. Someone with
eczema will likely experience rough patches of dry,
itchy skin.
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 Contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis happens when a substance touches

your skin and causes an allergic reaction or irritation.
These reactions can develop further into rashes that
burn, sting, itch, or blister.
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 Dyshidrotic dermatitis

In this type of dermatitis, the skin can’t protect itself.

This results in itchy, dry skin, often accompanied by
small blisters. It occurs mainly on the feet and hands.
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 Seborrheic dermatitis

Also known as lichen simplex chronicus. This itch-

scratch cycle causes the affected skin to become thick
and leathery.
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 Neurodermatitis

also known as lichen simplex chronicus. This itch-

scratch cycle causes the affected skin to become thick
and leathery.
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 Nummular dermatitis

Is a chronic condition that causes coin-shaped spots to

develop on the skin. These spots are often itchy and
well-defined. They may ooze clear fluid or become dry
and crusty.
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 Stasis dermatitis

Is a long-term condition that causes inflammation,

ulcers, and itchy skin on the lower legs. happens when
there is venous insufficiency, or poor circulation in the
lower legs.
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 Dermatitis neglecta

The patches that form, called plaques, may be waxy,

dark, and slightly raised. The skin may also appear red,
inflamed, and irritated.
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 Perioral dermatitis
Is an inflammatory rash involving the skin around the
mouth. The rash may spread up to the nose or even the
eyes. In that case, it's referred to as periorificial
dermatitis. It usually appears as a scaly or red bumpy
rash around the mouth. There may be a clear fluid
discharge.
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 CAUSES OF DERMATITIS
● Immune system. Sometimes your immune system overreacts. If you have atopic dermatitis, your
immune system reacts to seemingly small irritants or allergens. This causes inflammation.
● Genetics. Researchers have observed that if others in your family have dermatitis, you’re more likely
to have it. Additionally, experts have identified changes to genes that control a protein that helps your
body maintain healthy skin. Your skin cannot remain healthy without normal levels of that protein.
● Environment. Your environment may make your immune system change the protective barrier of
your skin. That causes more moisture to escape, and that can lead to dermatitis. Possible environmental
factors include exposure to tobacco smoke and some types of air pollutants. Fragrances in some skin
products and soap are also possible.
● Exposure. Some types of dermatitis are caused by exposure to chemicals and other irritants. Perioral
dermatitis, for example, may be caused by exposure to fluoride in water or toothpaste.
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 RISKS FACTORS OF DERMATITIS

Age Occupation
Dermatitis can occur at any Jobs that put you in contact
age, but atopic dermatitis with certain metals,
(eczema) usually begins in solvents or cleaning
infancy. supplies increase your risk
of contact dermatitis. Health
Allergies and Being a health care worker
is linked to hand eczema. conditions
asthma Health conditions that put
People who have a personal you at increased risk of
or family history of eczema, seborrheic dermatitis
allergies, hay fever or asthma include congestive heart
are more likely to develop failure, Parkinson's disease
and HIV/AIDS.
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atopic dermatitis.
 MANAGEMENT
There some treatments you can do at home, but you should only do them with instructions and permission
from your healthcare provider:
● Ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet A or B light waves can help your skin.
● Wet wrap therapy. This therapy increases moisture in your skin.
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 There are some other treatments you can do at home with
no supervision:

Use moisturizer. 
Don’t overheat. 
Protect your skin. 
Decrease your stress. 
Bathe in lukewarm water. 
Use a mild soap. 
Avoid scratching. 
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 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
 Assess skin, noting color, moisture, texture, temperature; note erythema, edema, tenderness.
 Assess the skin systematically. Look for areas of irritant and allergic contact.
 Assess skin for lesions. Note presence of excoriations, erosions, fissures, or thickening.
 Identify aggravating factors. Inquire about recent changes in use of products such as soaps, laundry products, cosmetics, wool or
synthetic fibers, cleaning solvents, and so forth.
 Identify signs of itching and scratching.
 Identify any scarring that may have occurred.
 Encourage the patient to adopt skin care routines to decrease skin irritation:
 Bathe or shower using lukewarm water and mild soap or nonsoap cleansers.
 After bathing, allow the skin to air dry or gently pat the skin dry. Avoid rubbing or brisk drying.
 Apply topical lubricants immediately after bathing.
 Apply topical steroid creams or ointments.
 Apply topical immunomodulators (TIMs):Tacrolimus (Protopic)
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 Pimecrolimus (Elidel)
 Prepare the patient for phototherapy or photochemotherapy.
 Encourage the patient to avoid aggravating factors.
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