DERMATITIS

PRESENTED BY-
OM VERMA
RELIANCE
INTRODUCTION :
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin and
which are commonly swollen, reddened and
irritatingly itchy. Although not an alarming
condition, this type of skin diseases can make
you very uncomfortable, unease and self-
conscious.
Dermatitis is an itchy inflammation of the skin. It
is not contagious or dangerous, but it can be
uncomfortable. There are many types of
dermatitis, including allergic dermatitis, eczema,
and seborrheic dermatitis (which causes
dandruff ). A
DEFINITION
:ACCORDING TO BRUNNER AND SUDDHART -
Dermatitis is inflammation of the upper layers of the
skin, causing itching, blisters, redness, swelling, and often
oozing, scabbing, and scaling.
ACCORDING TO LEWIS – Dermatitis is an
inflammation of the skin and which are
commonly swollen, reddened and irritatingly
itchy.
A medical condition in which the
skin becomes red, swollen, and
sore, sometimes with small
blisters, resulting from direct
irritation of the skin by an
external agent or an allergic
reaction to it.

According to Lippincott….
INCIDENCE : It affects males and
females and accounts for 10 to 20 percent of
all visits to dermatologists (doctors who
specialize in the care and treatment of skin
diseases). Although atopic dermatitis may
occur at any age, it most often begins in
infancy and childhood. Women tends to
develop the disease at an earlier age (20 to
40 years of age ) compared to men ( 60 to 70
years of age ), and women are affected more
frequently.
Stages of dermatitis -
Acute dermatitis -
Acute dermatitis is characterised by
erythema, vesiculation and oozing, often
with oedema.
Subacute dermatitis
Subacute dermatitis is similar to
acute dermatitis, but with
scaling and crusting
CHRONIC DERMATITIS - Chronic
dermatitis is characterised by thickened
dry patches, often lichenified from
chronicrubbing (increased
markings). Lichenification skin
predominantly follicular in is
pigmented skin.
ofte
n
Classification
Contact
Atopic Nummula
r
Seborrheic
Stasis
Perioral
Generalized exfoliative
Pompholix Herpitiform
Localized stretch
1.CONTACT DERMATITIS
Contact dermatitis is skin inflammation
caused by direct contact with a
particular substance. The rash is very
itchy, is confined to a specific area, and
often has clearly defined boundaries.
IRRITAN
T
TYPES OF
CONTACT
DERMATITI
S

ALLERGIC
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS : -
Irritant contact dermatitis,
accounts for 80% of which
all cases of contact
dermatitis, occurs when a chemical
substance causes direct damage to the
skin; symptoms are more painful than
itchy. Typical irritating substances are
acids, alkalis (such as drain cleaners),
solvents (such as acetone in nail polish
remover), strong soaps, and plants (such
as poinsettias and peppers).
ALLERGIC CONTAC DERMATITIS
T dermatitis is a
Allergic contact
reaction
by the body's immune system toa
substance contacting the skin.
Sometimes a person can be sensitized by
only one exposure, and other times
sensitization only
occurs
exposures after
to a substance. many
After a person
is sensitized, the next exposure causes
itching and dermatitis within 4 to 24
hours.
ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Atopic dermatitis is chronic, itchy inflammation of the
upper layers of the skin that often develops in people
who have hay fever or asthma and in people who have
family members with these conditions.
Infants may develop red, oozing, crusted rashes on the
face, scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, or legs. Infants
may develop red, oozing, crusted rashes on the face,
scalp, diaper area, hands, arms, feet, or legs.
Treatment
The scalp can be treated with a shampoo
containing pyrithione zinc, selenium
sulfide , an Antifungal drug, salicylic
acid and sulfur, or tar.
NUMMULAR DERMATITIS
Nummular dermatitis is a persistent, usually itchy,
rash and inflammation characterized by coin-
shaped spots, often with tiny blisters, scabs, and
scales.
Most people benefit from skin moisturizers. Other
treatments include antibiotics taken by mouth,
corticosteroid creams and injections, and
phototherapy.
Most people benefit from skin
moisturizers. Other treatments
Include antibiotics taken by mouth,
corticosteroid creams
and injections, and phototherapy.
2.SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (also known as

"seborrheic eczema") is an inflammatory
skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and
trunk. seborrheic dermatitis presents with
scaly,
flaky, itchy, red skin. The condition's
symptoms appear gradually and usually
the first signs of seborrheic dermatitis are
the
flakes of skin called dandruff.
TREATMENT : Dermatologist
recommend topical treatments such as
shampoos, cleansers or creams/lotions
that contain antifungal
, antiinflammatory,
sebosuppresive or keratolytic
 STASIS DERMATITIS
Stasis dermatitis is inflammation on the lower
legs from pooling of blood and fluid.
have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and
swelling (edema). It usually occurs on the
ankles but may spread upward to the knees.
have varicose (dilated, twisted) veins and
swelling (edema). It usually occurs on the
ankles but may spread upward to the knees.
Treatment
Long-term treatment is aimed at keeping
blood
from pooling in the veins around the ankles.
When sitting, the person should elevate the
legs above the level of the heart.
Antibiotics are used only when the
skin is already infected
 PERIORAL DERMATITIS
Perioral dermatitis is a red,
bumpy rash around the mouth
and on the chin that resembles
acne or rosacea
Perioral dermatitis is
distinguished from acne by the
lack of blackheads and
whiteheads
Treatment is with tetracyclines
or other antibiotics taken by
mouth.
3. GENERALIZED EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
Generalized exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) is severe
inflammation that causes the entire skin surface to
become red, cracked, and covered with scales.
Treatment - People with severe
exfoliative dermatitis often
need to be hospitalized and
given antibiotics (for infection),
intravenous fluids (to replace
the fluids lost through the skin)
, and nutritional supplements.
Corticosteroids (such as
prednisone) given by mouth or
intravenously.
 POMPHOLYX
Pompholyx/ dyshidrosis, is a
chronic dermatitis
characterized by itchy blisters
on the palms and sides of the
fingers and sometimes on the
soles of the feet.
The blisters are often scaly, red,
and oozing.. Wet compresses
with potassium permanganate
or aluminum acetate (Burow's
solution) may help the blisters
resolve. Strong topical
corticosteroid
Dermatitis herpitiform :
Dermatitis herpitiform is a particular
type of dermatitis that appears as a
result of a gastrointestinal condition,
known
as celiac disease .
4. LOCALIZED SCRATCH DERMATITIS
Localized scratch dermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus,
neurodermatitis) is chronic, itchy inflammation of the top
layer of the skin.
Localized scratch dermatitis can occur anywhere on the
body, including the anus (pruritus ani ) and the vagina
(pruritus vulvae ), but is most common on the head,
arms, and legs. In the early stages, the skin
looks normal, but it itches. Later
dryness scaling, and dark patches
develop as a result of the scratching and
rubbing.
Applying surgical tape saturated with a
corticosteroid (applied in the morning
and replaced in the evening) helps
CAUSES
:

GENETIC ALLERGENS DISEASE

SEASONAL INFECTION
NUTRITIONAL CHANGES SICKNESS

HORMONAL
STRESS SWINGS
PATHOPHYISIOLOGY :
There is a vasoconstriction of superficial blood vessels and the
skin blanches readily

Cold and low humilidity are poorly tolerated because of drifting

effects

Heat and high humidity are poorly tolerated because vasodilatation

increases the inflammatory reaction thus aggravating the dermatitis
and causing increased the itching and discomfort

Lesion become localized to the flexor surface of the neck , to the

eyelids , behind the ears , in the anticubital and poplital areas and at the
wrist
The erythema is now dusty in colour and excoriations may
become secondary secondiarily infected
By the late twenties or early thirties the lesions usually
disappear , but they may recur at a late date as chronic hand
or foot eczema

Person with atopic dermatitis is highly suseptable to viral

infections, especially herpes, and to bacterial infections, such
as those caused by staphyloccus or hemolytic streptococcus
There is also an increased incidence of fungal infection
such as tinae.

By the late twenties or early thristies the lesions usually

dissapper ,
 GENETIC

ENVORONM RISK AGE

ENT
FACTO
R

MEDICAL
CONDITIO
N
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION :
Red rash. This is the usual reaction. The rash
appears immediately in irritant contact dermatitis;
in allergic contact dermatitis, the rash sometimes
does not appear until 24–72 hours after exposure to
the allergen.
Blisters or wheals. Blisters, wheals (welts),
and urticaria (hives) often form in a pattern where
skin was directly exposed to the allergen or irritant.
Itchy, burning skin. Irritant contact dermatitis
tends to be more painful than itchy, while allergic
contact dermatitis often itches.
Symptoms of dermatitis
The symptoms of dermatitis range from mild to
severe and will look different depending on what
part of the body is affected. Not all people with
dermatitis experience all symptoms.
In general, the symptoms of dermatitis may include:
rashes
blisters
dry, cracked skin
itchy skin
painful skin, with stinging or
burning redness
swelling
MANAGEMENT :
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
•Bathing Reduce how often you bath or shower, using
lukewarm water. Showers are better. Replace standard
soap with a substitute suc h as a mild detergent soap-free
cleanser : your chemist or dermatologist can advise you.
• Clothing Wear soft smooth cool clothes; wool is best
avoided.
•Irritants Protect your skin from dust, water, solvents,
detergents, injury. Avoid exposure to environmental or food
allergens. Common foods that cause allergic reactions are
dairy, soy, citrus, peanuts, wheat (sometimes all gluten
containing grains), fish, eggs, corn, and tomatoes.
•Emollients Apply an emollient liberally and often,
particularly after bathing, and when itchy. Ask your doctor
or dermatologist to recommend some to try; avoid perfumed
products when possible.
• Topical Apply a topical cream or
ointment
steroids to the itchysteroid
patches for a 5 to 15 day course.
•Pimecrolimus cream Pimecrolimus is a new anti-
inflammatory cream shown to be very effective for atopic
dermatitis, with fewer side effects than topical steroids.
•Antibiotics Your doctor will recommend antibiotics such
as flucloxacillin or erythromycin if infection is
complicating or causing the dermatitis. The infection is
most often with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus
pyogenes .
•Antihistamines Antihistamine tablets may help reduce
the irritation, and are particularly useful at night.
• Other treatments Systemic steroids , azathioprine
, phototherapy , and other complicated treatments may
also be used for severe cases.
Medical care
Corticosteroids - A corticosteroid
medication similar to hydrocortisone may be
prescribed to combat inflammation in a
localized area. This medication may be
applied to your skin as a cream or ointment.
I f the reaction covers a relatively large
portion of the skin or is severe, a
corticosteroid in p i l l or injection form may
be prescribed.
Antihistamines - Prescription
antihistamines may be given if
NURSING MANAGEMENT :

Cleansing Properly
Use The Right
Products Protecting
The Skin
Environment
Watch Your D
iet Drink Water
Prescription
NURSIN
G CARE
PLAN
PREVENTION
: Dermatitis relies on
an irritant or an allergen to initiate the
reaction, it is important for the patient to
identify the responsible agent and avoid it.
In an industrial setting the employer has a
duty of care to the individual worker to
provide the correct level of safety equipment
to mitigate the exposure to harmful
irritants.
This can take the
form of protective clothing, gloves or
C O M P L I C AT I O N
THYROID DISEASE

INTESTINE

CANCER

VASCULITIS
HEALTH
EDUCATIO
N
Conclusions–
Atopic dermatitis can be treated by
following a few basic rules regarding skin hydration,
use of a moisturizer, and topical steroid applications
to reduce inflammation. The distinction between the
various types of contact dermatitis is based on a
number of factors. these findings have been
acknowledged not to distinguish [9], and even positive
patch testing does not rule out the existence of an
irritant form of dermatitis as well as an
immunological one. It is important to remember,
therefore, that the distinction between the types of
contact dermatitis is often blurred, with, for example,
certain immunological mechanisms also being
involved in a case of irritant contact dermatitis.
THANK YOU