TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE

STRATEGY
What is communicative strategy?

- Communicative strategy is a plan of action to convey information

effectively.
- It serves as a blueprint in expressing others information related to
specific issue, event, situation, or audience.
- It is used by learners to overcome problems of conveying intended
meaning.
There are seven types communicative strategy.
These are nomination, restriction, topic control,
topic shifting, repair, turn-taking, and termination.
1. Nomination
- a speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
- Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a
topic with the people you are talking to.
- When beginning a topic in a conversation, especially if it does
not arise from a previous topic, you may start off with new
inquiries and news announcements as they promise extended
talks.
2. Restriction – is the process of eliminating some topics or words that a
speaker finds hard to express or is not knowledgeable about. This strategy
is used to make utterance appropriate for politeness or social distance.
Below are some ways to use restriction:
a. Topic avoidance allows the speaker to prevent the occurrence of
topics that may present difficulties.
b. Message abandonment happens when the speaker does not
further explain the topic.
c. Meaning replacement occurs when the speaker diverts the general
meaning of a topic into something that may not be generally accepted.
3. Topic Control
- Social equals use a neutral starting point or opening in a
conversation, like talking about the weather, to establish their
relationship. This may lead to self-related comment that
focuses on the listener. Topic control observes the appropriate
language forms.
4. Topic shifting – is a rhetorical deception wherein one person in a
discussion subtly manages to change the topic to another related but
different topic without announcing the change or reaching any mutual
agreement that such a change is appropriate.
Here are some reasons for topic shifting:
1. The shifter feels better able to defend his or her point of view on the
second topic.
2. The shifter views “winning the argument”, or even “not losing the
argument”, as more important than working toward a better
understanding of the truth on the original topic.
3. The shifter truly sees the second topic as being at the heart of the
disagreement about the first topic.
5. Repair
- it refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening
and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
- For example, if everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the
same time, give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the
conversation back to its topic.
6. Turn-taking
- sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because
others take much time during the conversation.
- Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people who takes the
conversational floor. There is a code of behaviour behind establishing
and sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to
give all communicators a chance to speak.
7. Termination – it refers to the conversation participants’ close
initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the
time, the topic initiator takes the responsibility to signal the end the
discussion as well.