CHAPTER B.2.

18
Harian Umum
TRIBUN
Tgl. 13 /3 / 2006
OXYGEN & PHOSPHORUS LEVELS OF COPPERS

Cu O P

C 12200
 UNALLOYED COPPER

Most Important :

The high thermal & electrical conductivity

, Second best material after silver
Influence of cold deformation ( strain hardening ) on
strength of pure copper
Influence of annealing temperature to cold
deformation
 Alloying
Ag , As > Substitutional
Cr, Zr, Cd, Fe, Be > Age Hardening
Influence of alloying elements
 BRASS / KUNINGAN
• Paduan Copper / Tembaga ( Cu ) dan Zinc / Seng ( Zn )
• Kuningan ada 3 macam :
1. Kuningan Konstruksi > KMs
2. Kuningan Cor > GMs
3. Kuningan Solder > SMs

Timah Hitam ( Pb ) ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan

mampu mesin ( machinability )
DIAGRAM FASA Cu - Zn
 TYPE OF BRASS

• Cu – 5 % Zn : Gilding Metal > Jewelry

• Cu – 10 % Zn : Commercial Bronze > Cheaper than Cu – Sn.
• Cu – 15 % Zn : Red Brass ( Stress Corrosion Resistant )
• Cu – 30 % Zn : Cartridge Brass ( Excellent cold formability ,
e.g. deep drawing )
• Cu – 40 % Zn : 60 – 40 Brass or Muntz Metal (α + β phase)
are hot worked / machined
Cartridge Brass
Dezincification
 TIN BRONZE

Paduan antara tembaga ( Cu )

dan timah putih ( Sn )
TYPES OF TIN BRONZE
 ALUMINIUM BRONZE
Paduan antara tembaga ( Cu ) dengan
Aluminium (Al) dengan kadar Aluminium
antara 4 dan 11 %
Dapat dikeras dengan proses hardening
 BERYLIUM BRONZE
Paduan antara Tembaga (Cu) dan Berylium (Be)

Dapat dikeras dengan proses Precipitation

Hardening
COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS
 COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS

Cu and Ni are similar ( Density,

FCC structure, Atomic radius,
Atomic volume ) >> Full Solubility
TYPES OF COPPER NICKEL ALLOYS
COPPER – ZINC – NICKEL ( NICKEL SILVER )
D. Shielding
Cu with oxidable element ( Be, Al ) form oxides ,
which may be troublesone
>> Good cleaning and shielding necessary

Aluminum Bronze forms oxide layer at the

surface
>> remove before welding
PREHEATED EFFECT
Water cooled inductions for low frequency ( 60 ÷ 180 Hz )
Process : Automatic GTAW
Base material : ETP Copper

• Joint type : Butt

• Weld type : Square grove ,zero root opening
• Power supply : 500 Amp. rectifier
• Electrode : 3.2 mm diam. EWTh – 2
• Torch : 350 A , water cooled
• Filler metal : None
• Fixtures : 6 rolls
• Number of passes : 2 ( 1 / side )
• Current : 220 A ( DCEN )
• Arc length : 3.2 mm
• Shielding gas : Helium
• Flow rate : 9,5 lt / min
• Weld position : Flat
• Travel speed: 33 cm / min
• Preheat : None
Condition :
• Joint type : Butt
• Weld type : Square grove ,zero root opening
• Power supply : 500 Amp. rectifier
• Electrode : 3.2 mm diam. EWTh – 2
• Torch : 350 A , water cooled
• Filler metal : None
• Fixtures : 6 rolls
• Number of passes : 2 ( 1 / side )
• Current : 220 A ( DCEN )
• Arc length : 3.2 mm
• Shielding gas : Helium
• Flow rate : 9,5 lt / min
• Weld position : Flat
• Travel speed : 33 cm / min
• Preheat : None
 TYPE OF BRASS

• Cu – 5 % Zn : Gilding Metal > Jewelry

• Cu – 10 % Zn : Commercial Bronze > Cheaper than Cu – Sn.
• Cu – 15 % Zn : Red Brass ( Stress Corrosion Resistant )
• Cu – 30 % Zn : Cartridge Brass ( Excellent cold formability ,
e.g. deep drawing )
• Cu – 40 % Zn : 60 – 40 Brass or Muntz Metal (α + β phase)
are hot worked / machined
OXYGEN & PHOSPHORUS LEVELS OF COPPERS

Cu O P

C 12200
COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS
 COPPER – NICKEL ALLOYS

Cu and Ni are similar ( Density,

FCC structure, Atomic radius,
Atomic volume ) >> Full Solubility