GLOBALISATION

AKNOWLEDGEMENT
• WE WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR SPECIAL THANKS OF
GRATITUDE TO OUR TEACHER MR.ANIL GUPTA MAM AS WELL
AS OUR PRINCIPAL MRS. ANITA VASHIST MAM WHO GAVE US
THE AMAZING OPPURTUNITY TO DO THIS INTRESTING PROJECT
ON THE TOPIC- GLOBALIZATION WHICH ALSO HELPED US IN
DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH AND EXPLORING THE NEW FACTS
REGARDING AND WE CAME TO KNOW ABOUT SO MANY NEW
AND WONDERFUL THINGS. WE ARE REALLY THANKFUL TO
THEM.
• SECONDLY WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK OUR PARENTS AND
FRIENDS WHO HELPED US A LOT IN FINISHING THE PROJECT
WITHIN A LIMITED TIME.
 INTRODUCTION
• There is no single globalization. There are several
globalizations. Its avatar is plural, its processes are historical
and its outcomes are varying. And, therefore, instead of
calling it globalization, we should call it globalizations.
Globalization, the world over, does not have a Cakewalk.
Challenges given to it are by no means ordinary.
• The legacy of this society goes back to the enlightenment era.
It was during this era that we developed a modern social
thought which believed that the universal community of
humankind is in all respects the end of object of the highest
moral Endeavour. Underlying this vision is an assumption that
at root the needs and interests of all human beings are
universally similar.
 COMPONENTS OF GLOBALIZATION

Global Markets
• 1. Financial markets -Private capital is transferred very fast all over the world. Huge
amounts of capital flows, financial transactions and a multitude of mediators have
contributed to the creation of global financial markets
• 2. Markets of goods and services - globalization of these markets accelerated thanks to
liberalization , opening of national economies and institutionalization of foreign trade
global rules within the WTO.  
• 3. Job markets and labor migration - progress in this sector is rather not so great. Job
markets are not global, but thanks to computer technology the work can be done in
remote places without the employees' migration.
• 4. Markets of technology, knowledge and information - Transport and
telecommunication technology progress and computer science development are crucial
factors which accelerate the globalization process. Computer revolution and
telecommunication progress (electronic communication, Internet, e-business, cell
phones, computers and programs) enabled the development of global interactions.
Global competition
• The globalization process is connected with global competition, which becomes stronger
on the international markets. If these markets are more connected with each other,
companies have to coordinate their activities in many countries and competition
conditions become more and more difficult. Liberty, liquidation of goods, services and
capital flows' obstacles and possibility of doing business abroad, caused that the world
economy's entities (companies, banks, financial institutions) on the one hand started to
look for bigger profits abroad, but on the other hand they had to face the global
competition.
Global economic activity
• Globalization creates favorable conditions for expansion and profits. Foreign Direct
Investments change streams and structure of international trade and influence on
development processes. Companies realize global expansion strategies, reorganize and
change management methods in order to decrease cost, improve profits, minimize the risk
and possess a competitive advantage on the global market.
Global industry production
• Technological changes, progress in the computer science, the development of
telecommunication and the decrease of transport costs created new possibilities for many
industrial branches and improved the organization of production. The basis of production
internationalization is technology progress, markets liberalization and the increase of
production factors mobility. These industrial changes are the result of creating complex
production connection networks between companies in many countries.
Global relationships and interactions
• The high degree of relationships and connections between economies causes that a
phenomenon existing in one country or region is easily transferred to other
countries or regions. Unfortunately, the most often this concerns crises. The
development of particular countries often depends on the situation on the main
stock exchanges and on the currency markets.
Education
• Nowadays, in the era of globalization, the education system correlates with new
global economic requirements. It is the result of problems the society has to face:
increasing changeability and uncertainty and deepening different social and
economic risks. Therefore, there are a few challenges confronting education
systems, which make it necessary to conduct improvements in those systems:
• - sudden development of technological knowledge;
• - countries' integration and world economy's globalization;
• - increase of importance of small and medium enterprises;
• - increase of costs of education.
Ecology
• Environment contamination is the most global problem and it is connected with
countries' economic activity. Currently, the contamination level is so high that it is
hard to keep the environment in balance and also possibilities for human existence
decrease.
 THURST AREAS OF GLOBALIZATION

• Globalisation has two thrust

areas:
1. Liberalisation provides
freedom of trade and
investment, eliminate
restrictions imposed on
external trade and payments
and expand technological
progress to globalise faster.
2. Privatisation permits MNCs
to produce goods and services
inside the country to attract
FDI.
 POSITIVE IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. Gives Access to a Larger Market
• Through globalization countries and companies have access to a bigger consumer base. Instead
of only selling products in their country a business can expand to other regions boosting sales
and in the process making more money.
2. Provides Cheaper Goods for Consumers
• Because of globalization a lot of companies are moving to areas where their cost of production
is low they, in turn, offer cheaper products because they are not expensive to make hence lower
prices for consumers.
3. Globalization Wets Countries do what They do Best
• For example, a country can buy cheap steel from another country instead of making its own
steel. They can then focus their efforts on making other things they are good at like
computers and export them to the countries they import cheap steal from.
4. Leads to Better Economies 
• These investments by these multinationals or foreign countries also help strengthen the
economies of these countries with the foreign exchange they bring in. With an increased
number of investors looking for investment opportunities around the globe, country economies
will benefit wherever they invest. Through globalization economies of different
countries are becoming more connected to one another since they depend on each other for
trade.
5. Promotes World Peace and Unity
• Globalization brings governments together so that they can tackle
common goals together. For example, due to globalization world
leaders have seen the impact of pollution and have resolved to tackle
climate change together. Also, it is unlikely that a country trading a lot
of products and services with another will attack it or want to go to
war with it.
6. Innovation
• The desire to make a profit has always been a spur to expanded trade,
innovation, and the communication of ideas. The great ideas from
leaders spread more easily.
7. Better Quality and Variety
• Competition from different countries drives firms to improve their products.
Consumers have better quality products and more variety as a result.
 NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
1. Causes Environmental Damage
• Globalization has led to increased production for businesses in order to meet
global demand. Increased production means more natural resources are used and
this can be used up before they are regenerated leading to a negative impact on
the environment.
2. Causes Fluctuation of Prices
• Increased competition means that businesses with the best prices win. Due to
competition prices are always fluctuating, for example, a country like the US has to
reduce its prices often to compete with prices for the same product coming from
China.
3. Job Insecurity
• Globalization provides a double-edged sword when it comes to jobs. It creates jobs
for people in developing countries who provide cheaper manufacturing jobs.
 Causes of Globalization
• According to Dunning, the first cause of globalization is the pressure on business
enterprises by both consumers and competitors. This process required continually
to innovate new products and to upgrade the quality of existing goods and
services, thereby escalating lists of research and development. Here, it compelled
corporate to search for wider markets.
• Second cause of globalization which in many ways is better described as a removal
of an obstacle. In the last five years, till, 1997, while more than 30 countries have
abandoned central planning as the main mode of allocating scarce resources, over
80 countries have liber­alized their inward FDI policies.
• The privatization of state owned enterprises, the liberalization and de-regulation of
markets – especially for services – and the removal of a levy of structural distor­
tions, have all worked to stimulate cross-border corporate integration, both within
TNCs and between independent firms or group of firms 
• Critiques of globalization, however, are of the view that the cause of globalization
is exploitation – that is to export economically, interfere politically, and
superimpose culturally to the lesser developed or underdeveloped nations by the
developed nations and maintain their top position through new method called
globalization which is nothing but neo-colonialism.
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

• Cultural globalization refers

to the dynamic process of
interconnection and
assimilation of cultures,
from which a homogeneous
and common culture is
generated in the world.
• Globalization is a process
that encompasses in
principle, the economic,
political and social but,
which affects both the
positive and negative way
the diversity of cultures that
exist.
 POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

The politics of globalization includes two

dimensions:

• The first embodies the efficient distribution

of power and the constraints imposed by
existing arrangements. Ordinarily, these
constraints flow from choices that have
established and now manage existing
structures and processes.
• The second dimension embraces a more
visionary quest for alternative arrangements
in the future. As is true of all politics, both
cooperation and struggle are involved,
domination and resistance are evident, and
contestation abounds. To a large extent,
globalization is most commonly presented as
an inexorable process that consists in
bringing the world together through
technology.
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION 
Economic globalization refers to the
widespread international movement of
goods, capital, services, technology and 
information. It is the increasing
economic integration and
interdependence of national, regional,
and local economies across the world
through an intensification of 
cross-border movement of goods,
services, technologies and
capital. Economic globalization primarily
comprises the globalization of
production, finance, markets,
technology, organizational regimes,
institutions, corporations, and labour.
INDIA AND GLOBALISATION
• Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, courses, and
consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-
human activities. India had the distinction of being the world's largest economy at
the beginning of the Christian era, as it accounted for about 32.9% share of world
GDP and about 17% of the world population. The goods produced in India had long
been exported to far off destinations across the world; the concept of globalization
is hardly new to India.
• India currently accounts for 2.7% of world trade (as of 2015), up from 1.2% in 2006
according to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Until the liberalisation of 1991,
India was largely and intentionally isolated from the world markets, to protect its
fledgling economy and to achieve self-reliance. Foreign trade was subject to import
tariffs, export taxes and quantitative restrictions, while foreign direct investment
 was restricted by upper-limit equity participation, restrictions on technology
transfer, export obligations and government approvals; these approvals were
needed for nearly 60% of new FDI in the industrial sector. The restrictions ensured
that FDI averaged only around $200M annually between 1985 and 1991; a large
percentage of the capital flows consisted of foreign aid, commercial borrowing and
deposits of non-resident Indians.
 RESISTENCE TO GLOBALIZATION
• Resistance to globalization has continually existed in successive years
albeit in different and unique forms. That is to say that resistance has
outlived the test of time from the ancient to the modern times.
According to Marxist tradition, globalization then referred to as
capitalism, produced an era of imperialism and exploitation rather
than a beneficial wealth of nations. Accordingly, Marxism viewed
globalization as another way of oppression and hegemony by the rich
minority upon the poor majority. From an early period therefore, the
world witnessed a resistance to the form of globalization advanced
during Karl Marx’s time. In the same spirit of resistance, counter
hegemonic liberation movements began to develop out of the need to
develop a third way against communism and capitalism. The result of
these attempts was the continuation of resistance until the collapse of
communism in the 1990s. This form of resistance, albeit traditional,
was effective in shaping societal ideals and abolishing hegemony at a
time when the latter was most favored.
 BIBLOGRAPHY
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalizatio
n
• https://www.bing.com/search?q=components+of+gl
obalization&FORM=AWRE
• https://ivypanda.com/essays/political-consequences-
of-globalization/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization_in_India
• https://www.essaytyping.com/resistance-to-globaliza
tion/
• https://www.assignmentpoint.com/wp-content/uplo
ads/2014/11/Positive-Impacts-of-Globalization-in-Ba
ngladesh-Economy.jpg
THANKYOU
MADE BY:-
12TH C
• MAHIMA{Leader}
• KARTIK
• KIRTI
• RAUNAK
• BHAVYA