Subject: Chemistry

Topic: Material Changes

Standard: VII

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 1 Of 15

 Warm - up
What do you think happens when an acid is
mixed with an alkali?

What is this reaction called?

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 2 Of 15
 Neutralisation

 It is a process in which acids and bases cancel out

each other’s effects.

 If more acid is added to an alkali, it becomes acidic

liquid.

 If too less acid is added to an alkali, it stays

alkaline.

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 3 Of 15

 Equipment used in
neutralisation

 A burette is used to measure an

alkali or acid very accurately.
 A burette is a special graduated
equipment made up of glass.
 It has a stopper at the end which
can be opened and closed to release
the liquid in it.

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 4 Of 15

 A. An alkali is added to the conical flask using a pipette.
B. A few drops of the universal indicator is added in the flask
using a dropper.
C. An acid is added in the burette and slowly added to the flask
and shaken.
D. The acid is added until the colour of the solution in the flask
changes. This shows that a neutral solution is obtained.
Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 5 Of 15
 Rainbow Neutralisation
1. Identify the pH of the different
layers (P to T) seen in this
experiment. Write the answers
in your notebook or in the chat
P
box.
Q
R
S 2. Which part of the tube shows a
neutralised reaction? Name the
T
colour.

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 6 Of 15

 Answers
1. pH of the layers
P – Strongly acidic
Q – weakly acidic

P R – neutral
S – weakly alkaline
Q
R T – strongly alkaline
S

T 2. Middle part of the test tube,

layer R, colour- green

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 7 Of 15

 Neutralisation reactions in
everyday life - Indigestion

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 8 Of 15

 Neutralisation reactions in
everyday life – tooth decay

Toothpaste contains
alkali which helps to
neutralise the mouth
acid.

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 9 Of 15

 Neutralisation reactions in
everyday life – soil acidity

Farmers spread lime on the

soil to neutralise the acid
so that plants can grow
better.

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 10 Of 15

 Neutralisation reactions in everyday
life – lakes and rivers acidity

Alkalis are dropped into lakes to neutralise the increase in acidity due
to acid rain.
Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 11 Of 15
 Progress check
1. What is neutralisation?

2. What happens when you add more acid to alkali?

3. Why do we need indicators in neutralisation reactions?

4. List a few indicators.

5. How does an antacid work?

6. How does the toothpaste neutralise the mouth acid?

7. How does soil acidity effect the growth of crops?

8. What is added to the soil to reduce its acidity?

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 12 Of 15

 Quiz Time
1. What color is universal indicator in a strong alkali?
A. Green
B. Orange
C. Purple
D. Red

2. What color is universal indicator in a neutral solution?

A. Green
B. Orange
C. Purple
D. Red

3. Which of the following acids do we have in our stomach?

A. Ethanoic acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Sulphuric acid
Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 13 Of 15
 Quiz Time
4. Which of the following substances contain acid?
A. An orange
B. Bleach
C. Distilled water
D. Washing powder

5. Which of the following substances contain an alkali?

A. Baking powder
B. Coca cola
C. Distilled water
D. Vinegar

6. Which of the following pH numbers indicates a strong acid?

A. 1
B. 5
C. 7
D. 14

Cambridge/2122 Material Changes 14 Of 15