GROUP 1: ART DEVELOPMENT

HISTORY
ARCAYA, MA. DEL MAR C.
TEJERERO, GABRIEL N.
MORILLO, VICTOR
 ● WHAT IS ART?

Art is dynamic, with new trends and styles emerging

at a fast pace. However, the final attempt of the
artist is that it speaks to the viewer on a personal
level and can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Art
appreciation is extremely relevant for multiple
reasons. It is a good way to understand the history
behind the work, and the period from which the
piece is originated.
 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ART
PREHISTORIC ART (CAVE ART)
● Cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes
petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves.
 1. Magura Cave

Magura Cave is located in

the northwest of Bulgaria
and contains a collection of
cave paintings, painted with
bat excrement that date
from 8000-4000 years ago.
2. CUEVA DE LAS MANOS
 Cueva de las Manos is
located in Patagonia in the
southern part of Argentina
and contains cave paintings
that were created between
13,000 and 9,000 years ago.
The cave’s name literally
means ‘Cave of hands’ and
was presented that name
because of the hundreds of
stenciled hands painted on
the cave walls.
3. SERRA DE CAPIVARA

Serra da Capivara is a national

park in Brazil which has the
largest and the oldest
concentration of prehistoric
paintings in the Americas.
Rock shelters within the park
were found to contain ancient
paintings depicting animals
and hunting. Whilst Stone
tools found at Serra da
Capivara date to as early as
22,000 years ago.
4. BHIMBETKA ROCK SHELTER

Bhimbetka is a collection of rock

shelters, located in central India
and contains over 600 paintings
that span the prehistoric
paleolithic and mesolithic
periods, the oldest of which
dates from at least 12,000
years.The paintings depict the
lives of the people who resided
in the caves, as well as an array
of animals that include tigers,
lions, and crocodiles.
5. LAAS GAAL
Laas Gaal are cave formations on the
rural outskirts of Hargeisa, Somaliland,
situated in the Woqooyi Galbeed region
of the country. They contain some of the
earliest known cave paintings in the
Horn of Africa.
The paintings are very well preserved
and show images of cows in ceremonial
robes, humans, domesticated dogs and
giraffes. Laas Geel’s rock art is
estimated to date to somewhere
between  5,000 and 7,000 years ago.
6. TARDRAT ACACUS
Tadrart Acacus is a mountain
range, located in the Sahara
Desert of Western Libya that
contains rock art dating from
14,000 years ago.
There are paintings and
carvings of animals such as
giraffes, elephants, ostriches
and camels, but also of men
and horses.
7. CHAUVET CAVE
The Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc Cave in the
Ardèche department of southern
France is a cave that contains some of
the best-preserved figurative cave
paintings in the world.
The dates have been a matter of
dispute but a study published in 2012
supports placing the art in the
Aurignacian period, approximately
32,000–30,000 years BP. Hundreds of
animal paintings have been cataloged,
depicting at least 13 different species,
including some rarely or never found in
other ice age paintings.
8. UBIRR
Ubirr is a group of rock outcrops in the
Kakadu National Park, a protected area
in the Northern Territory of Australia.
There several large rock overhangs that
would have provided excellent shelter to
Aboriginal people over thousands of
years. Some of the paintings are up to
20,000 years old and depict e
barramundi, catfish, mullet, goanna,
snake-necked turtle, pig-nosed turtle,
rock-haunting ringtail possum, and
wallaby and thylacine (Tasmanian tiger).
9. ALTAMIRA CAVE
The Cave of Altamira is located
near the historic town of Santillana
del Mar in Cantabria, Spain. It is
renowned for prehistoric parietal
cave art featuring charcoal
drawings and polychrome
paintings of contemporary local
fauna and human hands.The
earliest paintings were applied
during the Upper Paleolithic,
around 36,000 years ago. The site
was only discovered in 1868 by
Modesto Cubillas.
10. LASCAUX PAINTINGS
The Cave of Altamira is located near
the historic town of Santillana del Mar
in Cantabria, Spain. It is renowned for
prehistoric parietal cave art featuring
charcoal drawings and polychrome
paintings of contemporary local fauna
and human hands.The earliest
paintings were applied during the
Upper Paleolithic, around 36,000 years
ago. The site was only discovered in
1868 by Modesto Cubillas.
It is also the most famous that
contains prehistoric arts.
 PHILIPPINE PRIMITIVE ART

● Cave Arts - the Angono Petroglyphs

Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed to be the oldest known
artworks in the Philippines. Dating to the third millennium B.C., they are a
collection of 127 figural carvings engraved on the wall of a shallow cave of volcanic
tuff.

● Burial Jars - Manunggaol Jars This burial jar was found in the Manunggul Cave in
Palawan and is believe to be dated as early as 710-890 BC. It is considered to be a
nationat treasure since it is one of the most remarkable finds in ancient pottery.  It
has anthropomorphic figures on top as cover which signifies and represents the
souls sailing afterward in a death boat.
ANGONO PETROGLYPHS BURIAL JARS
 CLASSICAL PERIOD
the art of the ancient Greeks and Romans is called classical art. This name is used also to
describe later periods in which artists looked for their inspiration to this ancient style. The
Romans learned sculpture and painting largely from the Greeks and helped to transmit Greek
art to later ages.
 GREEK ARTS  ROMAN ARTS

 Classical period corresponds to most  Greek art became inseparably interwoven

of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the
most common dates being the fall of
the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC to
the death of Alexander the Great in
323 BC).
 Sculptures, architectures and
paintings.
with that of Rome. “Greece, conquered,
led her conqueror captive” is the poet’s
way of expressing the triumph of Greek
over Roman culture. The Romans,
however, were not merely imitators, and
Roman art was not a decayed form into
which Greek art had fallen.
 EXAMPLE OF GREEK ARTS IN CLASSICISM
● Marble
head of a
woman
wearing
diadem and
veil425–400
B.C.
● Terracotta amphora (jar)ca. 490 B.C.
● The presence of both a diadem and
● This work is a masterpiece of Greek a himation (cloak) drawn over the hair
vase-painting because it brings together suggests that this small exquisitely
many features of Athenian culture in an carved head represents a female
artistic expression of the highest quality.
divinity such as Hera or Demeter.
 EXAMPLE OF GREEK ARTS IN CLASSICISM
● Terracotta statuette of the Diadoumenos.
1st century BC
The pose of the famous statue of the
Diadoumenos by Polykleitos is recognizable
in this statuette, but the slender, graceful
forms conform to Late Hellenistic taste.
Marble head from a
statue of
Harmodios1st–2nd
century A.D.
For one hundred years these heroized
figures were the only statues of Athenian
citizens allowed in the agora and,
throughout antiquity, they remained among
the most famous statues in Greece
 EXAMPLE OF ROMAN ARTS IN CLASSICISM

● Column of
Trajan

● Fresco Wall from the House of Livia

● The House of Livia is an almost 2,000-year-old
Roman residence that boasts some of the most
stunning wall frescoes and floor mosaics you
could have witnessed back in the time of
imperial Rome.
This monumental column stands as a
landmark in the city and is one of the
best-preserved monuments of ancient
Rome
EXAMPLE OF ROMAN ARTS IN CLASSICISM
● Arch of Constantine
● The Arch of Constantine is the largest
surviving triumphal arch and since the
Roman Empire collapsed at the end of
Constantine’s reign, it is also the last
great monument of imperial Rome.
● At an imposing height of 21 meters
and with an even larger width, this
giant monument consisted of three
separate arches – a large one at the
center and two shorter ones on either
side.
EXAMPLE OF ROMAN ARTS IN CLASSICISM

● Roman Mosaics
● Roman mosaics truly reflect
this artistic flair since they were
used to depict scenes of
everyday life in ancient Rome.
The mosaics were wonderful
and elaborate 
paintings or patterns that the R
omans
 made using small pieces of
ceramic tile.
 RESOURCES
https://www.heritagedaily.com/2020/03/10-prehistoric-cave-paintings/12697
1?amp

 
https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the-latest-news-features/70578/10-histo
ric-caves-in-the-philippines-a1801-20170702-lfrm

 
https://www.google.com/amp/s/philippineart.tumblr.com/post/1045914728
21/manunggul-jar/amp
ww.courses.lumenlearning.com
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/classicism
 
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tacg/hd_tacg.htm
 
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ART
DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD
GABRIEL N. TEJERERO
PRESENTING
 Just as human life moved through different
eras and people were exposed to new
experiences, art evolved along with it. The
medieval period of art history began at the time
of the fall of the Roman Empire in 300 CE and
continued until the beginning of the
Renaissance in 1400 CE. There were three
major periods of medieval art: Early Christian,
Romanesque, and Gothic.
 During the Early Christian age, the Catholic Church
was gaining power. By 350 CE, the Church had two
main centers of power: Rome and Constantinople.
Medieval art was popular in houses of worship and
was used as decoration for the public’s
appreciation. The Christians enjoyed mosaics with
both dull colors and bright, eye-catching colors.
Roman mosaics made up a majority of the artwork
during this particular time-frame.
 As wealth began to spread throughout Europe at
the beginning of the eleventh century, so did
churches and affluent families. This sparked an
interest in Romanesque architecture. Semi-circular
arches, heavy stone walls, and stable construction
in monasteries and churches marked the growth of
the European city.
 Medieval art continued its expansion into the
twelfth century when Gothic style was developed
as a result of the French monarchy. Menacing
gargoyles and flying buttresses were
commonplace throughout a Gothic cathedral.
While some did not understand their beauty, these
cathedrals are timeless and stunning landmarks
from era.  The most recognizable is Notre Dame in
Paris.
NOTRE DAME IN PARIS
MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE
 Medieval architecture simply refers to architectural
styles in medieval Europe during the middle ages.
In fact, architecture during these times had gone
through several changes and phases such as from
Romanesque style to Gothic style.
 Generally, the architecture of structures in
medieval Europe was predominantly related to the
building of sacred building such as churches, which
was the primary structure signifying Christian faith.
The most prevalent layouts during the medieval
period depicting classic medieval architecture is
the Latin cross in the West and the central-plan
church in the East.
 Medieval architecture featured various styles from
Romanesque, French style and Gothic styles of
architecture. Each style has distinctive medieval
architectural characteristics. Romanesque
architecture was widely adopted from 1066 to
1200 and was basically characterized by round
arches and vaults.
 Most of the architectural structures during these
times were highly characterized by the use of piers
instead of columns. Generally, medieval builders
preferred round arches at this time. However, this
would occasionally vary from time to time, where
they used slightly pointed arches instead.
TOWER OF LONDON
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
 Romanesque architecture is an architectural style
of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular
arches. The style can be identified right across
Europe, despite regional characteristics and
different materials. Many castles were built during
this period, but they are greatly outnumbered by
churches.
 Church buildings, art and sculpture, were all used
for the purpose to spread the Christian gospel.
During this time in Europe there was a very large
interest in religion. Large numbers of people
traveled on pilgrimages to visit sites of saints and
martyrs. People believed that holy relics had the
power to do miracles.
PISA CATHEDRAL
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
 While the rest of Western Europe experienced
radical divergence in architecture during the
medieval period, Byzantine architecture remained
classically conservative. It continued to show
classical proportions as well as plain, unadorned
surfaces. However, the Byzantine architects also
developed a unique style that primarily
distinguished them from the Romans.
 This was done with complex layouts together with
the designs affinity for domes. Mosaics were
Byzantine’s most favorite artwork. It was no
surprise that most building interiors were coated
with lavishly designed mosaics and murals.
Building architecture and design in Byzantine
capitals were mostly derived from Greek and
classical Roman designs.
 Byzantine Christian art gad the triple purpose of
beautifying a building, instructing the illiterate on
matters vital for the welfare of their soul, and
encouraging the faithful that they were on the
correct path to salvation. For this reason, the
interiors of Byzantine churches were covered with
paintings and mosaics
HAGIA SOPHIA
GOTHICS ARCHITECTURE
 Gothic architecture began in the 12th century in
France. It was a new style in architecture and
design, which was then referred to as the French
style. However, as this new style ceased to embody
the classic line and proportion in most designs, it
was later on called the “Gothic" style during the
Renaissance period.
 Gothic architecture was light, graceful and mostly
spacious in nature. Several advances in
architectural technique came from the Arabs,
especially during the time of the Crusades which
led to changes in Gothic styles.
 These changes included the use of a pointed arch,
ribbed vaults and buttress. Heavy piers were also
replaced by clustered slender ones, while window
dimensions became larger as vaults and spires
increased in height.
 The original Gothic style was actually developed to
bring sunshine into people’s lives, and especially
into their churches. The Gothic grew out of the
Romanesque architectural style, when both
prosperity and relative peace allowed for several
centuries of cultural development and great
building schemes.
PALACE OF WESTMINSTER
TYPES OF MEDIEVAL ART
ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS
 An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is
supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia),
and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers
only to manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both
common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any
decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions.
Comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as
painted. Islamic manuscripts may be referred to as illuminated,
illustrated, or painted, though using essentially the same techniques
as Western works.
CODEX AMIATINUS (C. LATE 7TH – EARLY
8TH CENTURY CE)
 The oldest version of St. Jerome's Vulgate Bible. It was
created in Northumbria, Britain, of 1040 sheets of fine
vellum. The biblical narratives are illustrated by striking
images brightly colored, although it is not technically
“illuminated” since it makes no use of gold or silver ink.
The work frequently devotes complete pages to these
images which are known as “miniatures” in discussing
illuminated manuscripts. It deserves a place among the
greatest of these manuscripts for the mastery of its
artwork.
METAL WORK
 In its widest sense, the term metalwork includes any object made
from metal. During the era of ancient art, such objects were mostly
functional and commonly included weapons, armor, items of
equestrian equipment, eating vessels and utensils. Gradually,
however, new processes were discovered that led to the creation of
new and exciting metallic forms of decorative art, which found a
ready market among religious orders, secular leaders and the
affluent classes. In this article we focus our attention on decorative
objects - including ritualistic and ceremonial items, personal
ornaments and sculptures - made out of various metals (or
combinations of metals), such as iron, copper, bronze, silver, gold
and brass.
TYPES OF PAINTINGS
FRESCO
 Fresco painting, method of painting water-based
pigments on freshly applied plaster, usually on wall
surfaces. The colors, which are made by grinding
dry-powder pigments in pure water, dry and set
with the plaster to become a permanent part of
the wall. Fresco painting is ideal for making murals
 because it lends itself to a monumental style, is
durable, and has a matte surface.
CHAPEL CEILING
PANEL PAINTINGS
 A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel
made of wood, either a single piece, or a number
of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the
more popular support medium in the 16th century,
it was the normal form of support for a painting
not on a wall (fresco) or vellum, which was used
for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts and
paintings for the framing.
THE VIRGIN AND CHILD WITH SAINTS DOMINIC
AND AUREA
EMBROIDERY
 During the Middle Ages embroidery was a popular
way of decorating luxury textiles. The rich and
powerful medieval Church owned huge amounts of
embroidered textiles, often donated by wealthy.
Documents show that embroidery was
commissioned for clothing for royalty and the
nobility, but very little of this survives.
BAYEUX TAPESTRY
CERAMIC
 In the high medieval period (late 12th to 14th century), the most
common pottery vessels were jars, cooking pots, bowls and jugs.
More unusual vessels were produced, for example lamps, chafing
dishes, shallow pans and aquamaniles. Many jugs and other ‘table
wares’ were highly decorated, often with human or animal figures.
Face jugs are the most common example of this, having a bearded
face at the top, with arms and sometimes other anatomical parts on
the body of the vessels. In the late medieval period (15th to mid-16th
century), the pottery industry introduced many new forms including
copies of metal and wood vessels.
MOSAICS
 The prestige, both cultural and political, enjoyed
by Byzantium in the Middles Ages led to a
widespread imitation of its arts. Art objects in
great number were imported to the West from
Constantinople and other Greek centres.
Individuals or communities outside the realm of
Byzantium, however, were able to secure 
Byzantine artisans for the execution of
monumental mosaics.
 Abbot Desiderius of the abbey of Montecassino in 
Italy, for example, called specialists in many crafts
from Constantinople to decorate his new basilica
(dedicated 1071 CE). Among these were mosaic
workers. Of particular importance is the fact that
he took care to see that young local artists were
trained by the foreigners. This was the pattern that
was followed where Byzantine experts were
temporarily called in.
SCULPTURES
 Sculptors in the early medieval world also enjoyed using
delicate ivory to create intricate little statues of Jesus, the
Blessed Virgin Mary, and Christian saints, as well as reliefs
for altars.
 About 1000 CE, however, a new style of sculpture
arose. Romanesque sculpture was bold and large.
Sculptors tried to copy ancient Roman works and in doing
so, incorporated Roman elements like round arches and
columns.
 Figures tended to be rather abstract, angular, out
of proportion, and sometimes even quite
grotesque as sculptors' imaginations ran wild
through interpretations of Biblical scenes. The
tympanum, a semi-circular relief often found over
entrances, was a popular type of sculpture in this
period.
STAINED GLASS
 During medieval times, stained glass windows
were made from a combination of sand and potash
(wood ash). These two ingredients were heated to
the point where they’d liquefy and become glass
when cooled. In order to color the glass, powdered
metals were added into the molten (heated)
mixture before it cooled.
HERALDRY
 Heraldry, that is the use of inherited coats of arms
and other symbols to show personal identity and
family lineage, began on the mid-12th century CE
battlefield as an easy means to identify medieval
royalty and princes who were otherwise
unrecognizable beneath their armor.
Renaissance period
Baroque period
Rococo period
Neoclassical art
RENAISSANCE PERIOD

 The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural,

artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle
Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century
to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery
of classical philosophy, literature and art.
 Some of the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists
and artists in human history thrived during this era, while global
exploration opened up new lands and cultures to European
commerce. The Renaissance is credited with bridging the gap
between the Middle Ages and modern-day civilization.
 The style of painting, sculpture and decorative arts identified
with the Renaissance emerged in Italy in the late 14th century; it
reached its zenith in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, in the
work of Italian masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo
and Raphael.
 In addition to its expression of classical Greco-Roman traditions,
Renaissance art sought to capture the experience of the
individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world
 The origins of Renaissance art can be traced to Italy in the late
13th and early 14th centuries. During this so-called “proto-
Renaissance” period (1280-1400), Italian scholars and artists saw
themselves as reawakening to the ideals and achievements of
classical Roman culture.
 Writers such as Petrarch (1304-1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio
(1313-1375) looked back to ancient Greece and Rome and sought
to revive the languages, values and intellectual traditions of
those cultures after the long period of stagnation that had
followed the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century.
EARLY RENAISSANCE PERIOD

 The term Proto-Renaissance refers to artists of the 14th century

who developed the naturalistic approach that came to fruition in
the Early Renaissance. The early art historian and painter 
Giorgio Vasari felt that during the Middle Ages the artists 
Cimabue and Giotto had kept alive the aesthetic principles of
classical art with works, which laid the groundwork for the
following Renaissance.
 In keeping with the importance of Humanism, early Renaissance
painting strove to achieve greater realism in all their works. In
contrast to the flat, stiff images of Byzantine art, faces now
became more life-like, bodies were painted in more realistic
postures and poses and figures began to express real emotion.
HIGH RENAISSANCE PERIOD

 By the end of the 15th century, Rome had displaced Florence as

the principal center of Renaissance art, reaching a high point
under the powerful and ambitious Pope Leo X (a son of Lorenzo
de’ Medici). Three great masters–Leonardo da Vinci, 
Michelangelo and Raphael–dominated the period known as the
High Renaissance, which lasted roughly from the early 1490s
until the sack of Rome by the troops of the Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V of Spain in 1527. 
 Leonardo (1452-1519) was the ultimate “Renaissance man” for the
breadth of his intellect, interest and talent and his expression of
humanist and classical values. Leonardo’s best-known works,
including the “Mona Lisa” (1503-05), “The Virgin of the Rocks” (1485)
and the fresco “The Last Supper” (1495-98), showcase his
unparalleled ability to portray light and shadow, as well as the
physical relationship between figures–humans, animals and objects
alike–and the landscape around them.
 Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) drew on the human body
for inspiration and created works on a vast scale. He was the
dominant sculptor of the High Renaissance, producing pieces
such as the Pietà in St. Peter’s Cathedral (1499) and the David in
his native Florence (1501-04).
 He carved the latter by hand from an enormous marble block;
the famous statue measures five meters high including its base.
Though Michelangelo considered himself a sculptor first and
foremost, he achieved greatness as a painter as well, notably
with his giant fresco covering the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,
completed over four years (1508-12) and depicting various
scenes from Genesis.
 Raphael Sanzio, the youngest of the three great High Renaissance
masters, learned from both da Vinci and Michelangelo. His paintings–
most notably “The School of Athens” (1508-11), painted in the Vatican
at the same time that Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Chapel
–skillfully expressed the classical ideals of beauty, serenity and
harmony. Among the other great Italian artists working during this
period were Sandro Botticelli, Bramante, Giorgione, Titian and
Correggio.
LATE RENAISSANCE PERIOD

 Mannerism is the term applied to certain aspects of artistic style,

mainly Italian, in the period between the High Renaissance of
the early 16th century and the beginnings of Baroque art in the
early 17th. From the third decade of the 16th century, political
and religious tensions erupted violently in Italy, particularly in
Rome, which was sacked in 1527 by the imperial troops of
Charles V.
 The school of Bramante and Raphael, which had produced the
High Renaissance style, was dispersed throughout Italy as artists
fled from devastated Rome. Mannerism appeared and prevailed
in some regions until the end of the 16th century, when the
Baroque style developed.
 Mannerism was antithetical to many of the principles of the High
Renaissance. Instead of harmony, clarity, and repose it was
characterized by extreme sophistication, complexity, and novelty.
Mannerist architects were no less interested in ancient 
Classical architecture than were their predecessors, but they found
other qualities in ancient Roman architecture to exploit. In fact, they
often displayed an even greater knowledge of antiquity than did
earlier artists.
MANNERISTS PAINTER

 The term mannerism describes the style of the paintings and

bronze sculpture on this tour. Derived from the Italian manjera,
meaning simply “style”, mannerism is sometimes defined as the
“stylish style” for its emphasis on self-conscious artifice over
realistic depiction.
 Mannerist painting encompasses a variety of approaches
influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals and
restrained naturalism associated with High Renaissance artists.
Mannerism is notable for its intellectual sophistication as well as
its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) qualities.
BAROQUE PERIOD

 The Baroque period refers to an era that started around 1600

and ended around 1750, and included composers like Bach,
Vivaldi and Handel, who pioneered new styles like the concerto
and the sonata.
 The Baroque period saw an explosion of new musical styles with
the introduction of the concerto, the sonata and the opera.
 The loosening of the Church’s political control of Europe meant that non-
religious music could now flourish, in particular instrumental music. The idea
that instruments should be grouped together in a standard way created the
first versions of the modern orchestra.

An important type of instrumental music in the Baroque era was the

concerto. Two of the greatest composers of concertos were Corelli and
Vivaldi.
 Opera encouraged composers to devise ways of illustrating
moods in their music; affecting the listener’s emotions became a
major objective in composition during this period.

Opera spread to France and England, and composers such as

Rameau, Handel and Purcell began producing great works.
 Bach is regarded as one of the greatest geniuses in the history of
music. He demonstrated a standard approach to harmony that
dominated music until the late 19th century.
CARAVAGGIO, BACCHUS
 ROCOCO PERIOD

 Rococo, style in interior design, the decorative arts, painting, architecture,

and sculpture that originated in Paris in the early 18th century but was soon
adopted throughout France and later in other countries, principally Germany
 and Austria. It is characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use
of curving natural forms in ornamentation. The word Rococo is derived from
the French word rocaille, which denoted the shell-covered rock work that was
used to decorate artificial grottoes.
MADAME DE POMPADOUR (1756)
NEOCLASSICAL ART

 Neoclassical art, also called Neoclassicism and Classicism, a

widespread and influential movement in painting and the other 
visual arts that began in the 1760s, reached its height in the
1780s and ’90s, and lasted until the 1840s and ’50s.
 In painting it generally took the form of an emphasis on austere
 linear design in the depiction of Classical themes and subject
matter, using archaeologically correct settings and clothing.
Neoclassicism in the arts is an aesthetic attitude based on the
art of Greece and Rome in antiquity, which invokes harmony,
clarity, restraint, universality, and idealism.
 In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art
produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity,
while Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but
inspired by antiquity. Classicizing artists tend to prefer somewhat
more specific qualities, which include line over color, straight lines
over curves, frontality and closed compositions over diagonal
compositions into deep space, and the general over the particular.
THE DEATH OF MARAT BY JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
THANK YOUUUUU