UNIT VII

-Curriculum Change And

Innovation-
 Classification of Change
 Forms of Change
Classification of
Change
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
 1. SOFTWARE
Refers to those that have something to do
with the range of change in the content of the
curriculum itself.
 Scope and sequence of the topics
 Activities that accompany the subject matter
 Changes that affect curriculum content in terms
of depth and breadth.
 2. HARDWARE
Pertains to changes made by addition
of facilities.
 Classrooms
 Laboratories, equipment
 Books and other library materials
Forms of Change
Substitution
Addition
Alteration
Restructuring
 Alteration

Restructur
ion ing
st itut
Sub

McNeil
In
Value 1990
Orientation Perturbations
 1.
Substitution

The current curriculum will be

replaced or substituted by a new one.
Mostly, this kind of change is easily
implemented.
 2. Alteration

In alteration, there is a minor change

to the current or existing curriculum.
If some material, content, item or
procedure is introduced into the
existing material and is adopted, it is
considered alteration.
 3.
Restructuring

 These changes lead to modification of the

system itself. For instance, team teaching,
project method or competency-based
teaching and valuation.
 Building a new structure would mean major
change or modification in the school system,
degree program or educational system
 4.
Perturbations

 Some changes when introduced disturb

the programs for sometime and then
later they get adjusted or adopted into
the programmed.
 These are changes that are disruptive,
but teachers have to adjust to them
within a fairly short time.
 5. Value
Orientation

 This classification will respond to shift in the

emphasis that the teacher provides which
are not within the mission or vision of the
school or vise versa.
 This change basically brings a shift from
one’s philosophy or basic ideology towards a
particular auricular prescription or
orientation.
 3 Important
Elements Of Value
Orientations

1. Developmental
- it should develop multiple perspective
- Increase integration and make learning
autonomous
- Create climate of openness and trust
- Appreciate and affirm strengths of the
teacher
 3 Important
Elements Of Value
Orientations

2. Participatory
- other stakeholders like peers, school leaders ,
parents and other curriculum specialist are
necessary
- Characteristics of teachers styles,
commitment, willingness to change skills and
readiness are critical to implement.
 3 Important
Elements Of Value
Orientations

3. Supportive
- material support like supplies, equipment
- Conductive learning environment like
classrooms and laboratory should be made
available
- Also “human support” is very much needed
(school leaders, head)
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