FORMAL

PROOF OF
VALIDITY

MS. JEMMAH ROSE EUNESIS A.

ROSARDA
FORMAL PROOF OF VALIDITY

We define a formal proof of validity of a given argument

as a sequence of statements, each of which either is a
premise of that argument or follows from preceding
statements of the sequence by an elementary valid
argument or by a logical equivalence, such that the last
statement in the sequence is the conclusion of the
argument whose validity is being proved.
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification for each numbered line that is

not a premise.

1. A B
 

2. B C
3. C D
4. ~ D
5. A v E
 ANSWER
 
Proof :
1. A B
2. B C
3. C D
4. ~ D
5. A v E

6. A C 1, 2, H.S.
7. A D 6, 3, H.S.
8. ~ A 7, 4, M.T.
9. E 5, 8, D.S.
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification for each numbered line that is

not a premise.

1. A ^ B
 

2. (A v C) → D
A^D
3. A
4. A v C
5. D
6. A ^ D
 ANSWER
1. A ^ B
 

2. (A v C) → D
A^D
3. A 1, Simp
4. A v C 3, Add.
5. D 2, 4, M.P.
6. A ^ D 3, 5, Conj.
RECITATION TIME!!!
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification and Identify each numbered line that is

not a premise based on the given Rule of Inference.

1. (P v Q) → (Q ^ R)
 

2. P
Q
3. P v Q ______
4. ____ 1, 3 MP
5. Q ______
 ANSWER
State the justification and Identify each numbered line that is
not a premise based on the given Rule of Inference.

1. (P v Q) → (Q ^ R)
 

2. P
Q
3. P v Q ______
2 Add.
4. Q____
^ R 1, 3 MP
5. Q 4 Simp.
______
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification and Identify each numbered line that is

not a premise based on the given Rule of Inference.

1. P → Q
 

2. (P → Q) → (T → S)
3. P v T
4. ~Q
S
5. ______
2, 1 MP
6. (P → Q) ^ (T → S) ______
7. ______ 6, 3 C.D.
8. S ______
 ANSWER
State the justification and Identify each numbered line that is
not a premise based on the given Rule of Inference.

1. P → Q
 

2. (P → Q) → (T → S)
3. P v T
4. ~Q
S
5. T → 2, S
1 MP
6. (P → Q) ^ (T → S) 1 , 5, Conj.
7. Q v S6, 3 C.D.
8. S 7, 4, D.S.
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification for each numbered line that is

not a premise.

1. (E v F) ^ (G v H)
 

2. (E → G) ^ (F→H)
3. ~G
H
4. E v F
5. G v H
6. H
 ANSWER

1. (E v F) ^ (G v H)
 

2. (E → G) ^ (F→H)
3. ~G
H
4. E v F 1, Simp
5. G v H 2, 4 C.D.
6. H 5, 3, D.S.
Constructing Formal Proofs of
Validity
– In the preceding sections we examined formal proofs that needed only to be
supplemented by the justifications of the steps taken. From this point, however,
we will confront arguments whose formal proofs must be constructed. This is an
easy task for many arguments, a more challenging task for some. Whether the
proof needed is short and simple, or long and complex, the rules of inference
are in every case our instruments. Success requires mastery of these rules.
Having the list of rules before one will probably not be sufficient. One must be
able to call on the rules “from within” as the proofs are being devised. The
ability to do this will grow rapidly with practice, and yields many satisfactions.
Constructing Formal Proofs of
Validity

– It is the same as playing a chess puzzle,

wherein a position is given and you need to
find out the right move to mate the King.
 Formal Proof of Validity

Construct a formal proof of validity for each

arguments.

 
Proof:
1. A
2. B
(A v C) ^ B
 ANSWER
Construct a formal proof of validity for each
arguments.

 
Proof:
1. A
2. B
(A v C) ^ B
3. A v C 1, Add.
4. (A v C) ^ B 3, 2, Conj.
 Formal Proof of Validity

Construct a formal proof of validity for each

arguments.

 
Proof:
1. D E
2. D ^ F
E
 ANSWER
Construct a formal proof of validity for each
arguments.

 
Proof:
1. D E
2. D ^ F
E
3. D 2, SIMP.
4. E 1, 3, M.P.
RECITATION TIME!!!
 Formal Proof of Validity

State the justification for each numbered line that is

not a premise.

1. I → J
 

2. J → K
3. L → M
4. I v L
KvM
5. I → K
6. (I → K ) ^ (L → M)
7. K v M
 ANSWER
1. I → J
 

2. J → K
3. L → M
4. I v L
KvM
5. I → K 1, 2, H.S.
6. (I → K ) ^ (L → M) 5, 3, Conj.
7. K v M 6, 4, C.D
 Formal Proof of Validity

Construct a formal proof of validity for each

arguments.

 
Proof:
1. A v (B A)
2. ~A ^ C
~B
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____
 ANSWER

 
Proof:
1. A v (B A)
2. ~A ^ C
~B
3. _____
~A 2, SIMP.
4. _____
 
B A 1, 3, D.S.
~B 4, 3, M.T
5. _____
 Formal Proof of Validity

Construct a formal proof of validity for each

arguments.

 
Proof:
1. M v N
2. ~M ^ ~O
N
3. _____
4. _____
 ANSWER

 
Proof:
1. M v N
2. ~M ^ ~O
N
3. _____
~M 2, SIMP.
4. _____
N 1, 3, D.S.
THANK YOU!!!