Electrical Engineering Department

 
EE 202: Electric Circuits I
Second Semester, 2015 – 2016 (152)

Lecture (11)
Ch. (4) Techniques of Circuit Analysis

Dr. Hussein Attia

1
 The Node-Voltage Method : Some Special Cases 4.4

Let us consider the following circuit

1 2

3 3

The circuit has three essentials nodes 1, 2, and 3 which means that two simultaneous
.equations are needed

From the three essentials nodes, a reference node has been chosen and the other two
nodes have been labeled

2
 10 v1 v2
0

However since the 100 V source constrains the voltage between node 1 and the reference
.node to 100 V

This means that there is only one unknown node voltage namely ( v2)

Applying KCL at node 2

Since

Knowing v1 and v2 we can calculate the current in every branch

3
 Example

The circuit has four essentials

nodes which means that three
simultaneous equations are
.needed
However, two essential nodes
4
(1, 4) are connected by an
independent voltage source, and two
other essential nodes (2, 3) are
connected by a current-controlled
dependent voltage source.
Hence, there actually is only one
unknown node voltage.

4
Figure above shows the redrawn circuit, with the reference node flagged and the node
voltages defined. Also, we introduce the current i because we cannot express the current in
the dependent voltage source branch as a function of the node voltages and . Thus, at node 2
 The Concept of a Supernode
Equation 4.11 may be written directly, without
resorting to the intermediate step represented
by Eqs. 4.9 and 4.10. To do so, we consider
nodes 2 and 3 to be a single node and simply
sum the currents away from the node in terms
of the node voltages and . Figure illustrates
this approach.

When a voltage source is between two supernode

essential nodes, we can combine those
nodes to form a supernode. Obviously,
Kirchhoff’s current law must hold for the
supernode. Starting with the 5-ohm branch
and moving counterclockwise around the
supernode, we generate the equation

which is identical to Eq. 4.11. Creating a supernode at nodes 2 and 3 has made the task of analyzing this circuit easier.

After Eq. 4.12 has been derived, the next step is to reduce the expression to a single unknown node voltage.
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7
Node-Voltage Analysis of the Amplifier Circuit

When we used the branch-current method to analyse the above circuit in Section 2.5, we
faced the task of writing and solving six simultaneous equations.
Here we will show how nodal analysis can simplify our task.

8
Node-Voltage Analysis of the Amplifier Circuit

The circuit has four essential nodes: Nodes a and d are connected by an independent voltage source as are nodes b
and c. Therefore the problem reduces to finding a single unknown node voltage
Using d as the reference node, combine nodes b and c into a supernode:

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