Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theories of Management
Theories of Management
Theories of Management
Presented to:
Contents
Habiba Rahman, • Management and Process
Assistant Professor & Chairperson, • Classical School of Management
• Human Relations School of Management
Department of Television, Film and
• Modern Approaches to Management
Photography, University of Dhaka.
• A New Economic Theory for Management in the
Presented by: Asrafun Naher twenty-first century
Effectiveness:
i. The actual attainment of organizational goals;
ii. Claimed as the very foundation of success for an organization by the “father” of modern management
theory, late Peter Drucker.
Management by Objectives (MBO):
i. Developed by Drucker;
ii. Goals are identified and shared with each individual area of responsibility, unit and employee;
iii. Shared objectives are used to guide individual units or departments and serve as a way management
can monitor and evaluate progress;
iv. Can be applied to any organization, regardless of size;
Systems Approaches to Management
Characteristics:
i. Follows a macro perspective;
ii. Recognizes the relationship between the organization and its external environment;
iii. Identifies change and assess goals by studying the external environment;
iv. Concerned with responding to and interpreting environmental influences on the
organization;
v. Helps one understand the relationship of the electronic media to other societal systems;
vi. A related approach to systems theory is the resource dependence perspective developed by
Pfeffer and Salancik.
Total Quality Management
Characteristics:
i. A series of approaches to emphasize quality in organizations;
ii. Strategic approaches are combined to deliver the best products and services;
iii. Helps an organization maintain a competitive edge;
iv. Popularity increased during the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States;
Areas of potential application:
I. Actual production of media content;
II. Advertising mission statements;
III. Public relations activities.
Total Quality Management
Important contributors behind the development of TQM:
i. Walter Shewart (the pioneer of modern quality control);
ii. Joseph M. Juran (contributed a better understanding in the quality process);
iii. W. Edwards Deming (linked the ideas of quality, productivity, market share, and jobs);
iv. Philip Crosby;
v. Armand Feigenbaum;
vi. Karou Ishikawa.
((Kolarik, 1995).
Strategic Management
Characteristics:
i. Primarily concerned with developing tools and techniques;
ii. Analyzes firms, industries, and competition;
iii. Develops strategies to gain a competitive advantage;
iv. The seminal works of Michael Porter, Competitive Strategy (1980) and Competitive
Advantage (1985) represent the foundation literature in this area;
v. An outgrowth of strategic management, strategic planning Involves a scanning of the
external and internal environments by focusing on a firm’s individual strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
Leadership
Definition: Attempting to influence the behavior of an individual or a group, regardless of the reason.
Qualities claimed by Bennis: Vision, passion and integrity.
i. Vision: Understanding of where to go and not letting setbacks or obstacles deter progress;
ii. Passion: Loving the doings;
iii. Integrity: Self-knowledge, candor, and maturity. (Bennis, 1994, pp. 40–41)
Some other qualities mentioned by Bennis:
i. Exhibition of curiosity and daring;
ii. Looking upon mistakes as a way to learn;
iii. Willing to take risks and being afraid of failure;
Leadership
Transactional Leadership:
i. Assumes people are motivated by rewards as well as punishment;
ii. Works best with a defined chain of command;
Transformational Leadership:
i. Acceptance of the vision of the leader by subordinates;
ii. Leads the change needed in an organization.
Distinctions between a leader and a manager:
i. Leader: Innovates, offers a long-range perspective, originates.
ii. Manager: Administers, exhibits a short-range view, imitates.
A New Economic Theory for the Management
in the twenty-first century
Called by: Peter Drucker;
Reasons claimed by Drucker:
• Previous schools of management becoming antiquated and failing to
prepare people for the new managerial environment.
Solutions:
• Being change leaders, seizing opportunities and understanding how to
effect change successfully in the organizations.